Temporal Trends of Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Detection of Two Novel Flame Retardants in Marine Mammals from Hong Kong, South China

Concentrations of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and three novel flame retardants, namely 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), and hexachlorocyclopentadienyldibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO), were determined...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2009-09, Vol.43 (18), p.6944-6949
Main Authors: Lam, James C. W, Lau, Ridge K. F, Murphy, Margaret B, Lam, Paul K. S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Applied sciences
Cetacea
Characterization of Natural and Affected Environments
Cycloparaffins - analysis
Dolphins & porpoises
Dolphins - metabolism
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental science
Exact sciences and technology
Flame retardants
Flame Retardants - analysis
Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis
Hong Kong
Mammals - anatomy & histology
Mammals - metabolism
Marine
Marine biology
Marine mammals
Neophocaena phocaenoides
Organic chemicals
Pollution
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Porpoises - metabolism
Reproducibility of Results
Seawater - chemistry
Sousa chinensis
Studies
Time Factors
Trends
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
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Summary:Concentrations of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and three novel flame retardants, namely 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), and hexachlorocyclopentadienyldibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO), were determined in blubber samples of Indo−Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides). The levels of HBCDs and PBDEs in cetacean samples ranged from 4.1 to 519 and 103 to 51,100 ng/g lw, respectively. A significant increasing trend of ΣHBCDs was observed in dolphin samples from 1997 to 2007 with an estimated annual rate of 5%, whereas no significant temporal trends of ΣPBDEs appeared over the sampling period. This pattern may be attributed to the increasing usage of HBCDs following the restriction/voluntary withdrawal of the production and use of PBDE commercial mixtures in several countries. HCDBCO was not found in the blubber samples. This is the first report of the presence of TBB and TBPH, two new flame retardants that have previously been identified in house dust from the U.S., in marine mammals; concentrations of these compounds in dolphins and porpoises ranged from the instrumental detection limit (IDL) (
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/es901408t