Chasing the golden egg: vaccination against poultry coccidiosis

Eimeria species, of the Phylum Apicomplexa, cause the disease coccidiosis in poultry, resulting in severe economic losses every year. Transmission of the disease is via the faecal-oral route, and is facilitated by intensive rearing conditions in the poultry industry. Additionally, Eimeria has develo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Parasite immunology 2010-08, Vol.32 (8), p.590-598
Main Authors: SHARMAN, P.A, SMITH, N.C, WALLACH, M.G, KATRIB, M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Anticoccidials
Antigens, Protozoan - immunology
Antigens, Protozoan - isolation & purification
Apicomplexa
Chickens
Coccidiosis
Coccidiosis - immunology
Coccidiosis - prevention & control
Coccidiosis - veterinary
Disease transmission
Drug resistance
Economics
Eimeria
Eimeria - immunology
Eimeria maxima
Genetic crosses
Immunization - methods
Israel
macrogamete
Meat
oocyst wall
Oocysts
Parasites
Poultry
Poultry Diseases - immunology
Poultry Diseases - prevention & control
Protozoan Vaccines - adverse effects
Protozoan Vaccines - immunology
Tyrosine
vaccine
Vaccines
Vaccines, Subunit - adverse effects
Vaccines, Subunit - immunology
wall-forming bodies
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Description
Summary:Eimeria species, of the Phylum Apicomplexa, cause the disease coccidiosis in poultry, resulting in severe economic losses every year. Transmission of the disease is via the faecal-oral route, and is facilitated by intensive rearing conditions in the poultry industry. Additionally, Eimeria has developed drug resistance against most anticoccidials used today, which, along with the public demand for chemical free meat, has lead to the requirement for an effective vaccine strategy. This review focuses on the history and current status of anticoccidial vaccines, and our work in developing the transmission-blocking vaccine, CoxAbic® (Netanya, Israel). The vaccine is composed of affinity-purified antigens from the wall-forming bodies of macrogametocytes of Eimeria maxima, which are proteolytically processed and cross-linked via tyrosine residues to form the environmentally resistant oocyst wall. The vaccine is delivered via maternal immunization, where vaccination of laying hens leads to protection of broiler offspring. It has been extensively tested for efficacy and safety in field trials conducted in five countries and involving over 60 million offspring chickens from immunized hens and is currently the only subunit vaccine against any protozoan parasite to reach the marketplace.
ISSN:0141-9838
1365-3024
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01209.x