Against the rules: A marine bacterium, Loktanella rosea, possesses a unique lipopolysaccharide

Bacteria are an inimitable source of new glyco-structures potentially useful in medicinal and environmental chemistry. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS; endotoxins) are the major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria; being exposed toward the external environment they can undergo struct...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Glycobiology (Oxford) 2010-05, Vol.20 (5), p.586-593
Main Authors: Ieranò, Teresa, Silipo, Alba, Nazarenko, Evgeny L., Gorshkova, Raisa P., Ivanova, Elena P., Garozzo, Domenico, Sturiale, Luisa, Lanzetta, Rosa, Parrilli, Michelangelo, Molinaro, Antonio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Carbohydrate Conformation
Carbohydrate Sequence
lipid A
lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharides - chemistry
Loktanella rosea
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Molecular Sequence Data
NMR spectroscopy
Rhodobacteraceae - chemistry
Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Summary:Bacteria are an inimitable source of new glyco-structures potentially useful in medicinal and environmental chemistry. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS; endotoxins) are the major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria; being exposed toward the external environment they can undergo structural changes and thus, they often possess peculiar chemical features that allow them to thrive in harsh chemical and physical environments. Marine bacteria have evolved and adapted over millions of years in order to succeed in different environments, finding a niche for their survival characterized by severe physical or chemical parameters. The present work focuses on the structural investigation of the LPS from Loktanella rosea, a marine Gram-negative bacterium. Through chemical analysis, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry investigations, a unique LPS carbohydrate backbone has been defined. The lipid A skeleton consists of a trisaccharide backbone lacking the typical phosphate groups and is characterized by two β-glucosamines and an α-galacturonic acid. The core region is built up of three ulosonic acids, with two 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid residues, one of which is carrying a neuraminic acid. This carbohydrate structure is an exceptional variation from the typical architectural skeleton of endotoxins which consequently implies a very different biosynthesis.
ISSN:0959-6658
1460-2423
DOI:10.1093/glycob/cwq008