Components of the mediterranean-type food pattern and serum inflammatory markers among patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition 2008-05, Vol.62 (5), p.651-659
• Main Authors: Salas-Salvadó, J, Garcia-Arellano, A, Estruch, R, Marquez-Sandoval, F, Corella, D, Fiol, M, Gómez-Gracia, E, Vinoles, E, Aros, F, Herrera, C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adhesion; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-inflammatory agents; Aspirin; Biological and medical sciences; biomarkers; blood serum; Body mass index; Body size; C-reactive protein; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cell adhesion; Cell adhesion molecules; Cereals; Clinical Nutrition; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines - biosynthesis; Cytokines - blood; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diet; Diet therapy; Diet, Mediterranean; diet-related diseases; Edible oils; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Epidemiology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Food; Food consumption; food intake; Fruits; fruits (food); Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Health aspects; Health risks; human diseases; human nutrition; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation - blood; Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - blood; Interleukin 6; Internal Medicine; intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1; Male; Markers; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Mediterranean diet; Men; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Nutrition; Nuts; Olea; Olive Oil; original-article; patients; Physiological aspects; Plant Oils - administration & dosage; Properties; Public Health; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; risk groups; Serum; Statins; Statistical analysis; Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 - blood; vegetables; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; virgin olive oil; women
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602762

Objective: To evaluate associations between components of the Mediterranean diet and circulating markers of inflammation in a large cohort of asymptomatic subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Subjects/Methods: A total of 339 men and 433 women aged between 55 and 80 years at high cardiovascular risk because of presence of diabetes or at least three classical cardiovascular risk factors, food consumption was determined by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by immunonephelometry and those of interleukin-6 (IL-6), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, diabetes, smoking, use of statins, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and aspirin, a higher consumption of fruits and cereals was associated with lower concentrations of IL-6 (P for trend 0.005;both). Subjects with the highest consumption of nuts and virgin olive oil showed the lowest concentrations of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-6 and CRP; albeit only for ICAM-1 was this difference statistically significant in the case of nuts (for trend 0.003) and for VCAM-1 in the case of virgin olive oil (P for trend 0.02). Participants with higher adherence to the Mediterranean-type diet did not show significantly lower concentrations of inflammatory markers (P