Diagnosis of boron, fluorine, lead, nickel and zinc toxicity in citrus plantations in Villarreal, Spain

In the late 1980s, citrus plantations in the area of Villarreal (Spain) showed injuries similar to those previously reported for boron and fluorine toxicity. The area was affected by the disposal of industrial wastewater, mainly from ceramic industries. Conjunctive uses of surface water, groundwater...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 1997-03, Vol.94 (3-4), p.349-360
Main Authors: Aucejo, A. (Valencia Univ., Burjassot (Spain). Dept. de Ingenieria Quimica), Ferrer, J, Gabaldon, C, Marzal, P, Seco, A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
AGUA DE RIEGO
AGUAS RESIDUALES
AIR POLLUTION
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Biological and medical sciences
BORE
BORO
BORON
CINC
Citrus
CITRUS SINENSIS
EAU D'IRRIGATION
EAU USEE
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on plants and fungi
ESPAGNE
ESPANA
FLUOR
FLUORINE
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
IRRIGATION WATER
LEAD
NICKEL
NIQUEL
Non agrochemicals pollutants
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
PLOMB
PLOMO
POLLUTION ATMOSPHERIQUE
POLLUTION DE L'EAU
Pollution effects and side effects of agrochemicals on crop plants and forest trees. Other anthropogenic factors
Pollution effects. Side effects of agrochemicals
POLUCION DEL AGUA
POLUCION DEL AIRE
SPAIN
TOXICIDAD
TOXICITE
TOXICITY
WASTEWATER
WATER POLLUTION
ZINC
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Summary:In the late 1980s, citrus plantations in the area of Villarreal (Spain) showed injuries similar to those previously reported for boron and fluorine toxicity. The area was affected by the disposal of industrial wastewater, mainly from ceramic industries. Conjunctive uses of surface water, groundwater and wastewater for irrigation had taken place. A survey was conducted at 25 orchards to assess leaves and soil for their boron, fluorine, lead, nickel and zinc contents. Wastewater and groundwater were also analyzed to corroborate the presence of these pollutants. The results showed that both boron and fluorine contents were greater than those reported as excess at the most part of the orchards included in the study. Heavy metals toxicity effects were not confirmed. Boron pollution was attributed to industrial wastewater spills and fluorine contamination from atmospheric pollution.
ISSN:0049-6979
1573-2932
DOI:10.1007/BF02406067