Trivalent Attenuated Cold-Adapted Influenza Virus Vaccine: Reduced Viral Shedding and Serum Antibody Responses in Susceptible Adults

• Published in: The Journal of infectious diseases 1993-02, Vol.167 (2), p.305-311
• Main Authors: Keitel, Wendy A., Couch, Robert B., Quarles, John M., Cate, Thomas R., Baxter, Barbara, Maassab, Hunein F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Antibodies; Antibodies, Viral - biosynthesis; Biological and medical sciences; Cold Temperature; Dosage; Double-Blind Method; H1N1 subtype influenza A virus; H3N2 subtype influenza A virus; Human viral diseases; Humans; Immunization; Immunization, Secondary; Infectious diseases; Influenza A virus; Influenza A virus - immunology; Influenza A virus - isolation & purification; Influenza B virus - immunology; Influenza B virus - isolation & purification; Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage; Influenza Vaccines - immunology; influenza virus; Influenza, Human - prevention & control; Inoculation; Major Articles; Medical sciences; Nasal Mucosa - microbiology; Orthomyxoviridae; Vaccination; Vaccines, Attenuated - administration & dosage; Vaccines, Attenuated - immunology; Vaccines, Synthetic - administration & dosage; Vaccines, Synthetic - immunology; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases; Virus Shedding; Viruses; Volunteerism
• ISSN: 0022-1899; 1537-6613
• DOI: 10.1093/infdis/167.2.305

Trivalent cold-adapted recombinant (CR) influenza virus vaccines containing types A (H1N1 and H3N2) and Bviruses were evaluated in two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Susceptible adults were randomly assigned to receive the following vaccines by intranasal drops 1 month apart: two doses of trivalent vaccine, bivalent CR influenza A (Bi A) vaccine followed by monovalent B (Mono B) vaccine or vice versa, or two doses of placebo. All vaccines were well tolerated. Shedding of each of the three vaccine viruses was reduced after the first dose of trivalent vaccine compared with primary vaccination with Bi A or Mono B. Shedding was also reduced after second vaccinations, whether homologous (trivalent-trivalent) or heterologous (Bi A/Mono B or Mono B/Bi A). Reduced viral shedding was associated with reduced serum antibody responses. Thus, both simultaneous and sequential inoculations of susceptible adults with CR influenza vaccine viruses result in reduced viral shedding and serum antibody responses.