Estimation of Perimortal Percent Carboxy-heme in Nonstandard Postmortem Specimens Using Analysis of Carbon Monoxide by GC/MS and Iron by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

In decomposed, formalin-fixed, embalmed, exhumed, and some fire-dried cases in which normal blood is unavailable, the usual methods for determination of carboxyhemoglobin saturation frequently fail. To address these specimens, a method utilizing both gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) det...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of analytical toxicology 1993-01, Vol.17 (1), p.11-13
Main Authors: Middleberg, Robert A., Easterling, David E., Zelonis, Stephen F., Rieders, Fredric, Rieders, Michael F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Blood
Calibration
Carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide - analysis
Carbon Monoxide - blood
Carboxyhemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin - analysis
Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases
Digestion
Forensic Medicine
Gas chromatography
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Gas, fumes
Headspace
Humans
Iron
Iron - analysis
Iron - blood
Liver
Mathematical models
Medical sciences
Muscles
Nitric acid
Postmortem Changes
Quantitation
Regression Analysis
Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Spleen
Syringes
Toxicology
Vapors
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Summary:In decomposed, formalin-fixed, embalmed, exhumed, and some fire-dried cases in which normal blood is unavailable, the usual methods for determination of carboxyhemoglobin saturation frequently fail. To address these specimens, a method utilizing both gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) determination of carbon monoxide (CO) and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) determination of iron (Fe), in the same specimen, was developed. The method is reported here, along with its application to seven pertinent forsensic death investigations. The CO analytical methodology involves acid liberation of the gas from the specimen aliquot in a headspace vial. After heating and equilibrating, a sample of the headspace vapor is injected into the GC/MS system with a gastight syringe. Quantitation is achieved by standard addition comparison utilizing the ideal gas law equation. Iron is quantified by FAAS analysis of the same aliquot used for the CO determination, following nitric acid digestion. The concentration is determined by comparison to a standard curve. A formula for determining the minimum percent carboxy-heme saturation was derived by using the ratio of the amount of CO to the amount of Fe in the aliquot analyzed. Tissue types analyzed include spleen, liver, muscle, dried blood, and unspecified decomposed tissue.
ISSN:0146-4760
1945-2403
DOI:10.1093/jat/17.1.11