A Continuous Fluorescence Assay of Renin Activity

• Published in: Analytical biochemistry 1993-05, Vol.210 (2), p.351-359
• Main Authors: Wang, G.T., Chung, C.C., Holzman, T.F., Krafft, G.A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry; Angiotensinogen - metabolism; Binding Sites; Biological and medical sciences; Calibration; Enzymes and enzyme inhibitors; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes - chemical synthesis; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Hydrolases; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligopeptides - chemical synthesis; Renin - antagonists & inhibitors; Renin - isolation & purification; Renin - metabolism; Sensitivity and Specificity
• ISSN: 0003-2697; 1096-0309
• DOI: 10.1006/abio.1993.1207

A sensitive fluorescence assay that employs a new fluorogenic peptide substrate has been developed to continuously measure the proteolytic activity of human renin. The substrate, DABCYL-gaba-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-Thr-EDANS, has been designed to incorporate the renin cleavage site that occurs in the N-terminal peptide of human angiotensinogen. The assay relies upon resonance energy transfer-mediated, intramolecular fluorescence quenching that occurs in the intact peptide substrate. Efficient fluorescence quenching occurs as a result of favorable energetic overlap of the EDANS excited state and the DABCYL absorption, and the relatively long excited state lifetime of the EDANS fluorophore. Cleavage of the substrate by renin liberates the peptidyl-EDANS fragment from proximity with the DABCYL acceptor, restoring the higher, unattenuated fluorescence of the EDANS moiety. This leads to a time-dependent increase in fluorescence intensity, directly related to the extent of substrate consumed by renin cleavage. The kinetics of renin-catalyzed hydrolysis of this substrate have been shown to be consistent with a simple substrate inhibition model with a substrate Km ≅ 1.5 μM at physiological pH; Cleavage of the substrate occurs specifically at the Leu-Val bond and corresponds to the renin cleavage site of angiotensinogen, as reported earlier. In this report, we describe in detail the synthesis of the fluorogenic renin substrate and its application in assays of renin activity. Assay sensitivity has been evaluated by a series of enzyme dilution experiments using the continuous assay format, showing that the assay can detect renin as low as 30 ng/ml after a incubation of only 3-5 min. It was estimated that with extended incubation time (2-3 h) the assay can detect renin at 0.5 ng/ml concentration level. An automated, high throughput fluorometric renin assay has been developed for a 96-well microtiter-plate fluorescence reader, which is useful for studies of enzyme inhibitors and enzyme stability.