Noninvasive Limb Ischemic Preconditioning Protects Against Myocardial I/R Injury in Rats

• Published in: The Journal of surgical research 2010-11, Vol.164 (1), p.162-168
• Main Authors: Li, Shu-Juan, Ph.D, Wu, Yan-Na, Ph.D, Kang, Yi, B.M.S, Yin, Yong-Qiang, Ph.D, Gao, Wei-Zhen, M.D, Liu, Yan-Xia, Ph.D, Lou, Jian-Shi, M.D
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Pressure; Cardiology. Vascular system; cardioprotection; CK-MB; Creatine Kinase, MB Form - blood; cTnI; Electrocardiography; General aspects; Heart; Heart Rate; Hindlimb - blood supply; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial - methods; late preconditioning; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 - blood; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 - blood; Medical sciences; MMPs; Myocardial Infarction - metabolism; Myocardial Infarction - pathology; Myocardial Infarction - prevention & control; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - metabolism; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - pathology; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control; Myocarditis. Cardiomyopathies; noninvasive limb ischemic preconditioning; Rats; Rats, Wistar; remote preconditioning; SOD; Superoxide Dismutase - blood; Surgery; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 - blood; Troponin I - blood
• ISSN: 0022-4804; 1095-8673
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.03.017

Background Transient limb ischemia induces remote early preconditioning that protects the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, it is unknown whether limb ischemia induces remote late preconditioning and whether it induces the same magnitude of cardioprotection compared with cardial ischemic preconditioning (CIP). We tested the hypothesis that late remote preconditioning of noninvasive limb ischemia (NLIP) offers the same magnitude of cardioprotection against myocardium I/R injury. Methods Thirty Wistar rats weighing 240–260g each were randomly divided into three groups: I/R, CIP, and NLIP. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), ST-segment, ventricular arrhythmia, and CK-MB, cTnI, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured after 0 and 30min of ischemia and after 120min of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size, histologic examination, MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 protein expression were determined at the end of the experiment. Results Compared with I/R groups, CIP and NLIP reduced ST-segment elevation ( P < 0.01), decreased incidence and duration of ventricular arrhythmia ( P < 0.01) during ischemia, decreased CK-MB ( P < 0.05), and cTnI ( P < 0.01) activity, and increased SOD ( P < 0.05) activity after reperfusion. The myocardial infarct size ( P < 0.01) was significantly reduced, and cell injury was attenuated in the CIP and NLIP groups compared with the I/R group. MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression was significantly decreased in the CIP and NLIP groups ( P < 0.01), while TIMP-1 expression was significantly increased in the CIP and NLIP groups compared with the I/R group ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Remote preconditioning via NLIP has late cardioprotection against myocardium I/R injury and has a similar magnitude of cardioprotection compared with CIP in rats.