Mitochondria in response to nutrients and nutrient-sensitive pathways

Mitochondria are abundant cellular organelles, and are required for the generation of energy through oxidative catabolism. Equally important, mitochondria also provide substrates for de novo synthesis of fatty acids and multiple amino acids. Mitochondrial functions must therefore be tightly linked t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mitochondrion 2010-11, Vol.10 (6), p.589-597
Main Authors: Baltzer, Claudia, Tiefenböck, Stefanie K, Frei, Christian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Energy Metabolism
Food
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Mitochondria - metabolism
Oxidation-Reduction
Transcription Factors - metabolism
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Summary:Mitochondria are abundant cellular organelles, and are required for the generation of energy through oxidative catabolism. Equally important, mitochondria also provide substrates for de novo synthesis of fatty acids and multiple amino acids. Mitochondrial functions must therefore be tightly linked to cellular nutrient availability. This review focuses on the current knowledge of how nutrients affect mitochondria. In particular, we describe how the transcriptional profile of the nucleus is altered to mediate this control, and the transcription factors that are involved. In addition, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of how transcription-independent mechanisms, most notably through the cellular energy sensor mTOR, are used to adapt mitochondrial functions in respect to cellular metabolic needs.
ISSN:1567-7249
1872-8278
DOI:10.1016/j.mito.2010.07.009