Dietary Beta Carotene and Lung Cancer Risk in U.S. Nonsmokers

Background Approximately 15% of all lung cancer deaths in the United States (about 22350 deaths annually) may not be directly attributable to active cigarette smoking. Consumption of beta carotene, which is derived almost exclusively from intake of fruits and vegetables, has been associated with a r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:JNCI : Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1994-01, Vol.86 (1), p.33-38
Main Authors: Mayne, Susan Taylor, Janerich, Dwight T., Greenwald, Peter, Chorost, Sherry, Tucci, Cathy, Zaman, Muhammad B., Melamed, Myron R., Kiely, Maureen, McKneally, Martin F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
beta Carotene
Biological and medical sciences
Carotenoids - administration & dosage
Case-Control Studies
Diet
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Female
Fruit
Humans
Lung cancer
Lung Neoplasms - prevention & control
Male
Medical research
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
New York
Nutrition
Pneumology
Smoking - adverse effects
Tumors of the respiratory system and mediastinum
Vegetables
Vitamin A - administration & dosage
Vitamin E - administration & dosage
Vitamins
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Summary:Background Approximately 15% of all lung cancer deaths in the United States (about 22350 deaths annually) may not be directly attributable to active cigarette smoking. Consumption of beta carotene, which is derived almost exclusively from intake of fruits and vegetables, has been associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer in smokers. However, studies examining this association in nonsmokers, particularly nonsmoking men, are limited. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine whether dietary factors including beta carotene and retinol are associated with a reduced risk for lung cancer in nonsmoking men and women. Methods A population-based, matched case-control study of lung cancer in nonsmokers was conducted in New York State from 1982 to 1985. Dietary interviews were completed for 413 individually matched case-control pairs of subjects. To determine whether the relationship between dietary intake from specific food groups and lung cancer differed by type of interview, smoking history, sex, age, or histo-logic type, we examined data on the case-control pairs from each subgroup separately. The intake of beta carotene and retinol was calculated as the weighted sum of the monthly frequencies of consumption of food items containing these nutrients, where the weights correspond to the nutrient content of a typical portion of the food items. Results Consumption of greens (P for trend
ISSN:0027-8874
1460-2105
DOI:10.1093/jnci/86.1.33