Nosocomial infections in patients with HIV disease

Throughout the AIDS epidemic, nosocomial infection in the patient with HIV disease has presented a constant problem – not only for the hospitalized patient but also for the clinic attender. The nosocomial spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has emphasized the need for effective control of inf...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of hospital infection 1999-11, Vol.43 (3), p.179-185
Main Author: Laing, R.B.S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - etiology
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - transmission
AIDS/HIV
Bacteremia - etiology
Bacteremia - transmission
Biological and medical sciences
Cross Infection - etiology
Cross Infection - transmission
Cryptosporidium parvum
Disease Transmission, Infectious
HIV
HIV-1
Human immunodeficiency virus
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Human viral diseases
Humans
Immunocompromised Host
Infectious diseases
Medical sciences
Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium avium
nosocomial infections
Pneumocystis carinii
Pseudomonas
Respiratory Tract Infections - etiology
Respiratory Tract Infections - transmission
Risk Factors
Staphylococcus
Viral diseases
Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids
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Summary:Throughout the AIDS epidemic, nosocomial infection in the patient with HIV disease has presented a constant problem – not only for the hospitalized patient but also for the clinic attender. The nosocomial spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has emphasized the need for effective control of infection measures in dealing with the immunodeficient. Increased recognition of nosocomial bacterial pneumonias has raised questions about the place, if any, of antimicrobial prophylaxis in preventing Gram-negative and Legionella infection. The use of long-term indwelling venous catheters for the administration of parenteral therapy is associated with an increased risk of nosocomial bloodstream infection – particularly from staphylococci and Pseudomonas spp. Evidence now exists for the nosocomial spread of opportunistic infections, including Cryptosporidium parvum, Mycobacterium avium complex and Pneumocystis carinii. The delay between exposure and diagnosis, the atypical presentation of infections such as tuberculosis and repeated hospital admissions of AIDS patients can combine to confuse the issue with the result that a nosocomial infection may be mis-classified as community-acquired. It seems likely that the burden of nosocomial infection in HIV disease is continually underestimated.
ISSN:0195-6701
1532-2939
DOI:10.1053/jhin.1999.0617