The role of calcium in health and disease

Skeletal fragility at the end of the life span (osteoporosis) is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Adequate calcium intake from childhood to the end of the life span is critical for the formation and retention of a healthy skeleton. High intakes of calcium and vitamin D potentiate the bone...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 1999-12, Vol.181 (6), p.1560-1569
Main Authors: Power, Michael L., Heaney, Robert P., Kalkwarf, Heidi J., Pitkin, Roy M., Repke, John T., Tsang, Reginald C., Schulkin, Jay
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Bone
Bone and Bones - metabolism
Calcium - physiology
Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage
Calcium, Dietary - pharmacokinetics
Environment. Living conditions
Female
Humans
hypertension
Hypertension - prevention & control
lactation
Lactation - metabolism
Medical sciences
osteoporosis
Osteoporosis - prevention & control
Pregnancy
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
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Summary:Skeletal fragility at the end of the life span (osteoporosis) is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Adequate calcium intake from childhood to the end of the life span is critical for the formation and retention of a healthy skeleton. High intakes of calcium and vitamin D potentiate the bone loss prevention effects of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Pregnancy and lactation are not risk factors for skeletal fragility, although lactation is associated with a transient loss of bone that cannot be prevented by calcium supplementation. Low calcium intake has been implicated in the development of hypertension, colon cancer, and premenstrual syndrome, and it is associated with low intakes of many other nutrients. Encouragement of increased consumption of calcium-rich foods has the potential to be a cost-effective strategy for reducing fracture incidence later in life and for increasing patients’ dietary quality and overall health. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:1560-9.)
ISSN:0002-9378
1097-6868
DOI:10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70404-7