The effect of cold on the occurrence of bruising, haematoma and pain at the injection site in subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of local dry cold application on the occurrence of bruising, haematoma and pain at the injection site in subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin injections. The research involved 63 patients who had received 2×20 mg enoxaparine and who were d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of nursing studies 2001-02, Vol.38 (1), p.51-59
Main Authors: Kuzu, Nevin, Ucar, Hulya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anticoagulants - administration & dosage
Anticoagulants - adverse effects
Biological and medical sciences
Bruise
Clinical Nursing Research
Cold application
Contusions - chemically induced
Contusions - nursing
Contusions - pathology
Cryotherapy - methods
Cryotherapy - nursing
Enoxaparin - administration & dosage
Enoxaparin - adverse effects
Female
Haematoma
Hematoma - chemically induced
Hematoma - nursing
Hematoma - pathology
Humans
Injections, Subcutaneous
Low molecular weight heparin
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Miscellaneous
Pain
Pain - chemically induced
Pain - diagnosis
Pain - nursing
Pain Measurement
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Subcutaneous injection
Time Factors
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Summary:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of local dry cold application on the occurrence of bruising, haematoma and pain at the injection site in subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin injections. The research involved 63 patients who had received 2×20 mg enoxaparine and who were divided into four treatment groups. In the first group, cold was not applied. Cold was applied to the injection site for 5 min before the injection in the second group, and for 5 min after the injection in the third group. In the fourth group, it was applied to the injection site for 5 min pre and post injection. Following each injection, the patients’ pain intensity and duration were measured, and the presence of bruise and haematoma were measured at 48 and 72 h after the injection. Results showed that a haematoma did not occur at the injection site of any subject, and there was no significant difference in the incidence or size of bruise among the groups; however, the subjects’ perception of pain was significantly less with ice application.
ISSN:0020-7489
1873-491X
DOI:10.1016/S0020-7489(00)00061-4