Mother-To-Child Transmission Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Report From The Nairobi Study

Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a significant problem in countries with endemic HIV-1 infection. Between 1986 and 1991, 365 children of HIV-L-infected mothers and 363 control children were studied in Kenya. The overall risk of transmission from mother t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 1994-11, Vol.170 (5), p.1134-1140
Main Authors: Datta, Pratibha, Embree, Joanne E., Kreiss, Joan K., Ndinya-Achola, Jackoniah O., Braddick, Michael, Temmerman, Marleen, Nagelkerke, Nico J. D., Maitha, Gregory, Holmes, King K., Piot, Peter, Pamba, Hannington O., Plummer, Francis A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - epidemiology
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - transmission
AIDS
AIDS/HIV
Breast Feeding
Child growth
Children
Female
HIV 1
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infants
Infections
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
Kenya - epidemiology
Major Articles
Mortality
Mothers
Multivariate Analysis
Pregnancy
Risk Factors
Sexual transmission
Women
Citations: Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a significant problem in countries with endemic HIV-1 infection. Between 1986 and 1991, 365 children of HIV-L-infected mothers and 363 control children were studied in Kenya. The overall risk of transmission from mother to child, determined by serologic evidence of infection by age ⩽5? 12 months and excess mortality in the HIV-I-exposed group, was 42.8% (range, 27.6%-62.2%). Marriage was the only maternal characteristic associated with transmission (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–4.2; P < .05). Children who experienced growth failure were more likely to be infected. In 44% of children ultimately infected, the pattern of antibody response implied intrapartum or postnatal exposure to HIV-1. Of potential postnatal exposures examined, duration of breast-feeding beyond age 15 months and the mother being married were independently associated with increased risk of infection and seroconversion of children. The percentage of HIV infection attributable to breast-feeding ⩽5? 15 months was 32%. The frequency of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-I was high; a substantial proportion of infection occurred postnatally, possibly through breast-feeding.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/170.5.1134