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Cooperative Display and Relatedness Among Males in a Lek-Mating Bird

Long-tailed manakins mate in leks and cooperate in multiyear male-male partnerships. An alpha male is responsible for virtually all mating, whereas a beta male assists in the courtship displays. Such altruism by the beta male poses a problem for evolutionary theory because most theoretical treatment...

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Published in:	Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 1994-11, Vol.266 (5187), p.1030-1032
Main Authors:	McDonald, David B., Potts, Wayne K.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Alleles Animal ethology Animals Aves Base Sequence Behavior Biological and medical sciences Birds Birds - genetics Birds - physiology Chiroxiphia linearis Coefficients Collaboration Cooperation Cooperative Behavior Copulation Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genetic loci Heterozygote Kin selection Lek behavior Male Male animals Mating behavior Molecular Sequence Data Mutualism Polymerase Chain Reaction Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Reproductive success Sexual Behavior, Animal Vertebrata
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description	Long-tailed manakins mate in leks and cooperate in multiyear male-male partnerships. An alpha male is responsible for virtually all mating, whereas a beta male assists in the courtship displays. Such altruism by the beta male poses a problem for evolutionary theory because most theoretical treatments and empirical examples of cooperative behavior involve kin selection or reciprocity. Here it is shown that alpha and beta partners are not relatives and that reciprocity is not involved. Instead, direct, though long-delayed benefits to beta males are demonstrated, which include rare copulations, ascension to alpha status, and female lek fidelity. These benefits maintain this unusual form of male-male cooperation.
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subjects	Alleles Animal ethology Animals Aves Base Sequence Behavior Biological and medical sciences Birds Birds - genetics Birds - physiology Chiroxiphia linearis Coefficients Collaboration Cooperation Cooperative Behavior Copulation Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genetic loci Heterozygote Kin selection Lek behavior Male Male animals Mating behavior Molecular Sequence Data Mutualism Polymerase Chain Reaction Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Reproductive success Sexual Behavior, Animal Vertebrata
title	Cooperative Display and Relatedness Among Males in a Lek-Mating Bird
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