CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and plasmid DNA stimulate Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) leucocytes to produce supernatants with antiviral activity

Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are more frequent in the genomes of bacteria and viruses than of vertebrates. We report herein that plasmid DNA and synthetic oliogodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG induce production of antiviral cytokine activity in Atlantic salmon leucocytes, where...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Developmental and comparative immunology 2001-05, Vol.25 (4), p.313-321
Main Authors: Jørgensen, Jorunn B, Johansen, Audny, Stenersen, Børge, Sommer, Ann-Inger
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Animals
Antiviral Agents - pharmacology
Antiviral cytokines
Atlantic salmon
Bacterial Vaccines
Brackish
CHSE-214
CpG Islands
CpG-motif
Culture Media, Conditioned - pharmacology
Cytokines - biosynthesis
Cytokines - pharmacology
DNA Methylation
DNA, Bacterial - pharmacology
Fish Diseases - immunology
Fish Diseases - prevention & control
Freshwater
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus - drug effects
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus - physiology
Interferon
Leucocytes
Leukocytes - drug effects
Leukocytes - secretion
Macrophage Activation - drug effects
Macrophages
Macrophages - drug effects
Macrophages - secretion
Marine
oligodeoxynucleotides
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides - pharmacology
oliogodeoxynucleotides
Plasmid DNA
Plasmids - genetics
Poly I-C - pharmacology
Poly I:C
Salmo salar
Salmo salar - immunology
Species Specificity
Viral Vaccines
Virus Replication - drug effects
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Summary:Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are more frequent in the genomes of bacteria and viruses than of vertebrates. We report herein that plasmid DNA and synthetic oliogodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG induce production of antiviral cytokine activity in Atlantic salmon leucocytes, whereas ODNs with an inverted motif (GpC) or with methylated cytosines have nearly no stimulatory effect. The adherent cell population, representing mainly macrophages, is directly activated by CpG-ODN, while the effect on the non-adherent population is weak. Since the peak antiviral activity in ODN-stimulated leucocytes is seen after 48 h, this might indicate that the unmethylated DNA stimulates the adherent cells to produce co-stimulatory molecules, which in turn stimulates production of antiviral cytokines in the non-adherent cell population. The potent immune activation by CpG ODNs points to possible new applications as adjuvant in fish vaccines.
ISSN:0145-305X
1879-0089
DOI:10.1016/S0145-305X(00)00068-9