Cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer to rat salivary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo

Background Previously we have shown that gene transfer to salivary gland epithelial cells readily occurs via recombinant adenoviruses, although the response is short‐lived and results in a potent host immune response. The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of using cationic lipos...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:The journal of gene medicine 2001-01, Vol.3 (1), p.82-90
Main Authors: Baccaglini, Lorena, Shamsul Hoque, A. T. M., Wellner, Robert B., Goldsmith, Corinne M., Redman, Robert S., Sankar, Vidya, Kingman, Albert, Barnhart, Kerry M., Wheeler, Carl J., Baum, Bruce J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amylases - blood
Animals
Base Sequence
Blood Cell Count
cationic lipid
DNA Primers
Epithelial Cells - metabolism
Gene therapy
Gene Transfer Techniques
Growth Hormone - genetics
Growth Hormone - metabolism
Liposomes
Male
Plasmids
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Recombinant Proteins - genetics
Recombinant Proteins - metabolism
salivary gland
Salivary Glands - cytology
Salivary Glands - metabolism
Transfection
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by
cites
container_end_page 90
container_issue 1
container_start_page 82
container_title The journal of gene medicine
container_volume 3
creator Baccaglini, Lorena
Shamsul Hoque, A. T. M.
Wellner, Robert B.
Goldsmith, Corinne M.
Redman, Robert S.
Sankar, Vidya
Kingman, Albert
Barnhart, Kerry M.
Wheeler, Carl J.
Baum, Bruce J.
description Background Previously we have shown that gene transfer to salivary gland epithelial cells readily occurs via recombinant adenoviruses, although the response is short‐lived and results in a potent host immune response. The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of using cationic liposomes to mediate gene transfer to rat salivary cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods Initially, for transfection in vitro, we used two cationic liposome formulations (GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE and DOSPA/DOPE) complexed with plasmid encoding human growth hormone (hGH) as a reporter gene. Thereafter, using GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE, plasmids were transferred to rat salivary glands in vivo, and hGH levels measured in saliva, serum and gland extracts. Results Under optimal conditions, transfection of rat submandibular glands (SMGs) was consistently observed. Approximately 95% of the cells transfected with a plasmid encoding β‐galactosidase were acinar cells. Maximal hGH expression was obtained during the first 48 h post‐transfection using a plasmid encoding the hGH cDNA and complexed with GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE. hGH was detected in gland extracts and saliva, and occasionally in serum. No systemic or local gland pathology was consistently or significantly observed. Conclusions The levels of the reporter gene product, hGH, obtained after GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE‐mediated gene transfer are considerably lower (
doi_str_mv 10.1002/1521-2254(2000)9999:9999<::AID-JGM151>3.0.CO;2-X
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_77001734</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>789703841</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-i3801-6184f7ade0ce371c9f965b399e87d30da6abb0f6f47a4fd41ff99b57eac928df3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkUuP0zAUhSMEYh7wF5DFAjGLFD-SOLcgpFGAMkOhCIHoiisnscFDmhTbLcy_x1HKILHBi-vX8ZHv-ZKkZHTGKOVPWM5ZynmePeaU0jOIYz6WZ_P5-cWL9HLxluXsuZjRWbV6ytP1reT45sntuKYAaQbl-ig58f6KUibLEu4mR4zxAoSA4-RLpYIdetuQzm4HP2x0utGtVUG35KvuNQlO9d5oR8JAnArEq87ulbsmemvDN91Z1ZFGd50ntid7G9xAVN9Om_1wL7ljVOf1_cN8mnx69fJj9TpdrhYX1fkytaKkLC1YmRmpWk0bLSRrwECR1wJAl7IVtFWFqmtqCpNJlZk2Y8YA1LnUqgFetkacJo8m360bfuy0D7ixfvyW6vWw8yjl2LzI_iuMCQkJpYzCh_8Ir4ad62MTyKAAllPgUfTgINrVMTbcOruJ2eCffKPgwyT4aTt9_fee4sgXR1g4wsKRL45opxLp4kQXBVKsVshxfTiJpulkan3Qv25MlfuOhRQyx8_vFrik7wsB8hLfiN84Fatd</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>196915092</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer to rat salivary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell Read &amp; Publish Collection</source><creator>Baccaglini, Lorena ; Shamsul Hoque, A. T. M. ; Wellner, Robert B. ; Goldsmith, Corinne M. ; Redman, Robert S. ; Sankar, Vidya ; Kingman, Albert ; Barnhart, Kerry M. ; Wheeler, Carl J. ; Baum, Bruce J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Baccaglini, Lorena ; Shamsul Hoque, A. T. M. ; Wellner, Robert B. ; Goldsmith, Corinne M. ; Redman, Robert S. ; Sankar, Vidya ; Kingman, Albert ; Barnhart, Kerry M. ; Wheeler, Carl J. ; Baum, Bruce J.</creatorcontrib><description>Background Previously we have shown that gene transfer to salivary gland epithelial cells readily occurs via recombinant adenoviruses, although the response is short‐lived and results in a potent host immune response. The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of using cationic liposomes to mediate gene transfer to rat salivary cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods Initially, for transfection in vitro, we used two cationic liposome formulations (GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE and DOSPA/DOPE) complexed with plasmid encoding human growth hormone (hGH) as a reporter gene. Thereafter, using GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE, plasmids were transferred to rat salivary glands in vivo, and hGH levels measured in saliva, serum and gland extracts. Results Under optimal conditions, transfection of rat submandibular glands (SMGs) was consistently observed. Approximately 95% of the cells transfected with a plasmid encoding β‐galactosidase were acinar cells. Maximal hGH expression was obtained during the first 48 h post‐transfection using a plasmid encoding the hGH cDNA and complexed with GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE. hGH was detected in gland extracts and saliva, and occasionally in serum. No systemic or local gland pathology was consistently or significantly observed. Conclusions The levels of the reporter gene product, hGH, obtained after GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE‐mediated gene transfer are considerably lower (&lt;0.5%) than those achieved with adenoviral vectors (108 PFU). Nonetheless, cationic liposome‐mediated gene transfer to salivary glands may be useful for potential therapeutic applications. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1099-498X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1521-2254</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/1521-2254(2000)9999:9999&lt;::AID-JGM151&gt;3.0.CO;2-X</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11269339</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Amylases - blood ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blood Cell Count ; cationic lipid ; DNA Primers ; Epithelial Cells - metabolism ; Gene therapy ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Growth Hormone - genetics ; Growth Hormone - metabolism ; Liposomes ; Male ; Plasmids ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Proteins - genetics ; Recombinant Proteins - metabolism ; salivary gland ; Salivary Glands - cytology ; Salivary Glands - metabolism ; Transfection</subject><ispartof>The journal of gene medicine, 2001-01, Vol.3 (1), p.82-90</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11269339$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Baccaglini, Lorena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shamsul Hoque, A. T. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wellner, Robert B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldsmith, Corinne M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Redman, Robert S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sankar, Vidya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kingman, Albert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barnhart, Kerry M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wheeler, Carl J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baum, Bruce J.</creatorcontrib><title>Cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer to rat salivary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo</title><title>The journal of gene medicine</title><addtitle>J. Gene Med</addtitle><description>Background Previously we have shown that gene transfer to salivary gland epithelial cells readily occurs via recombinant adenoviruses, although the response is short‐lived and results in a potent host immune response. The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of using cationic liposomes to mediate gene transfer to rat salivary cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods Initially, for transfection in vitro, we used two cationic liposome formulations (GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE and DOSPA/DOPE) complexed with plasmid encoding human growth hormone (hGH) as a reporter gene. Thereafter, using GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE, plasmids were transferred to rat salivary glands in vivo, and hGH levels measured in saliva, serum and gland extracts. Results Under optimal conditions, transfection of rat submandibular glands (SMGs) was consistently observed. Approximately 95% of the cells transfected with a plasmid encoding β‐galactosidase were acinar cells. Maximal hGH expression was obtained during the first 48 h post‐transfection using a plasmid encoding the hGH cDNA and complexed with GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE. hGH was detected in gland extracts and saliva, and occasionally in serum. No systemic or local gland pathology was consistently or significantly observed. Conclusions The levels of the reporter gene product, hGH, obtained after GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE‐mediated gene transfer are considerably lower (&lt;0.5%) than those achieved with adenoviral vectors (108 PFU). Nonetheless, cationic liposome‐mediated gene transfer to salivary glands may be useful for potential therapeutic applications. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</description><subject>Amylases - blood</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Blood Cell Count</subject><subject>cationic lipid</subject><subject>DNA Primers</subject><subject>Epithelial Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Gene therapy</subject><subject>Gene Transfer Techniques</subject><subject>Growth Hormone - genetics</subject><subject>Growth Hormone - metabolism</subject><subject>Liposomes</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Plasmids</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Recombinant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Recombinant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>salivary gland</subject><subject>Salivary Glands - cytology</subject><subject>Salivary Glands - metabolism</subject><subject>Transfection</subject><issn>1099-498X</issn><issn>1521-2254</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkUuP0zAUhSMEYh7wF5DFAjGLFD-SOLcgpFGAMkOhCIHoiisnscFDmhTbLcy_x1HKILHBi-vX8ZHv-ZKkZHTGKOVPWM5ZynmePeaU0jOIYz6WZ_P5-cWL9HLxluXsuZjRWbV6ytP1reT45sntuKYAaQbl-ig58f6KUibLEu4mR4zxAoSA4-RLpYIdetuQzm4HP2x0utGtVUG35KvuNQlO9d5oR8JAnArEq87ulbsmemvDN91Z1ZFGd50ntid7G9xAVN9Om_1wL7ljVOf1_cN8mnx69fJj9TpdrhYX1fkytaKkLC1YmRmpWk0bLSRrwECR1wJAl7IVtFWFqmtqCpNJlZk2Y8YA1LnUqgFetkacJo8m360bfuy0D7ixfvyW6vWw8yjl2LzI_iuMCQkJpYzCh_8Ir4ad62MTyKAAllPgUfTgINrVMTbcOruJ2eCffKPgwyT4aTt9_fee4sgXR1g4wsKRL45opxLp4kQXBVKsVshxfTiJpulkan3Qv25MlfuOhRQyx8_vFrik7wsB8hLfiN84Fatd</recordid><startdate>200101</startdate><enddate>200101</enddate><creator>Baccaglini, Lorena</creator><creator>Shamsul Hoque, A. T. M.</creator><creator>Wellner, Robert B.</creator><creator>Goldsmith, Corinne M.</creator><creator>Redman, Robert S.</creator><creator>Sankar, Vidya</creator><creator>Kingman, Albert</creator><creator>Barnhart, Kerry M.</creator><creator>Wheeler, Carl J.</creator><creator>Baum, Bruce J.</creator><general>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</general><general>Wiley Periodicals Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200101</creationdate><title>Cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer to rat salivary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo</title><author>Baccaglini, Lorena ; Shamsul Hoque, A. T. M. ; Wellner, Robert B. ; Goldsmith, Corinne M. ; Redman, Robert S. ; Sankar, Vidya ; Kingman, Albert ; Barnhart, Kerry M. ; Wheeler, Carl J. ; Baum, Bruce J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-i3801-6184f7ade0ce371c9f965b399e87d30da6abb0f6f47a4fd41ff99b57eac928df3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Amylases - blood</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Blood Cell Count</topic><topic>cationic lipid</topic><topic>DNA Primers</topic><topic>Epithelial Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Gene therapy</topic><topic>Gene Transfer Techniques</topic><topic>Growth Hormone - genetics</topic><topic>Growth Hormone - metabolism</topic><topic>Liposomes</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Plasmids</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Recombinant Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Recombinant Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>salivary gland</topic><topic>Salivary Glands - cytology</topic><topic>Salivary Glands - metabolism</topic><topic>Transfection</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Baccaglini, Lorena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shamsul Hoque, A. T. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wellner, Robert B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldsmith, Corinne M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Redman, Robert S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sankar, Vidya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kingman, Albert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barnhart, Kerry M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wheeler, Carl J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baum, Bruce J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>PHMC-Proquest健康医学期刊库</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The journal of gene medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Baccaglini, Lorena</au><au>Shamsul Hoque, A. T. M.</au><au>Wellner, Robert B.</au><au>Goldsmith, Corinne M.</au><au>Redman, Robert S.</au><au>Sankar, Vidya</au><au>Kingman, Albert</au><au>Barnhart, Kerry M.</au><au>Wheeler, Carl J.</au><au>Baum, Bruce J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer to rat salivary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo</atitle><jtitle>The journal of gene medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J. Gene Med</addtitle><date>2001-01</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>82</spage><epage>90</epage><pages>82-90</pages><issn>1099-498X</issn><eissn>1521-2254</eissn><abstract>Background Previously we have shown that gene transfer to salivary gland epithelial cells readily occurs via recombinant adenoviruses, although the response is short‐lived and results in a potent host immune response. The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of using cationic liposomes to mediate gene transfer to rat salivary cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods Initially, for transfection in vitro, we used two cationic liposome formulations (GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE and DOSPA/DOPE) complexed with plasmid encoding human growth hormone (hGH) as a reporter gene. Thereafter, using GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE, plasmids were transferred to rat salivary glands in vivo, and hGH levels measured in saliva, serum and gland extracts. Results Under optimal conditions, transfection of rat submandibular glands (SMGs) was consistently observed. Approximately 95% of the cells transfected with a plasmid encoding β‐galactosidase were acinar cells. Maximal hGH expression was obtained during the first 48 h post‐transfection using a plasmid encoding the hGH cDNA and complexed with GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE. hGH was detected in gland extracts and saliva, and occasionally in serum. No systemic or local gland pathology was consistently or significantly observed. Conclusions The levels of the reporter gene product, hGH, obtained after GAP‐DLRIE/DOPE‐mediated gene transfer are considerably lower (&lt;0.5%) than those achieved with adenoviral vectors (108 PFU). Nonetheless, cationic liposome‐mediated gene transfer to salivary glands may be useful for potential therapeutic applications. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>11269339</pmid><doi>10.1002/1521-2254(2000)9999:9999&lt;::AID-JGM151&gt;3.0.CO;2-X</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1099-498X
ispartof The journal of gene medicine, 2001-01, Vol.3 (1), p.82-90
issn 1099-498X
1521-2254
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_77001734
source Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection
subjects Amylases - blood
Animals
Base Sequence
Blood Cell Count
cationic lipid
DNA Primers
Epithelial Cells - metabolism
Gene therapy
Gene Transfer Techniques
Growth Hormone - genetics
Growth Hormone - metabolism
Liposomes
Male
Plasmids
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Recombinant Proteins - genetics
Recombinant Proteins - metabolism
salivary gland
Salivary Glands - cytology
Salivary Glands - metabolism
Transfection
title Cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer to rat salivary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-14T12%3A48%3A00IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cationic%20liposome-mediated%20gene%20transfer%20to%20rat%20salivary%20epithelial%20cells%20in%20vitro%20and%20in%20vivo&rft.jtitle=The%20journal%20of%20gene%20medicine&rft.au=Baccaglini,%20Lorena&rft.date=2001-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=82&rft.epage=90&rft.pages=82-90&rft.issn=1099-498X&rft.eissn=1521-2254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/1521-2254(2000)9999:9999%3C::AID-JGM151%3E3.0.CO;2-X&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E789703841%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-i3801-6184f7ade0ce371c9f965b399e87d30da6abb0f6f47a4fd41ff99b57eac928df3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=196915092&rft_id=info:pmid/11269339&rfr_iscdi=true