Solution structure, domain features, and structural implications of mutants of the chromo domain from the fission yeast histone methyltransferase clr4

• Published in: Journal of molecular biology 2001-03, Vol.307 (3), p.861-870
• Main Authors: Horita, David A, Ivanova, Alla V, Altieri, Amanda S, Klar, Amar J.S, Byrd, R.Andrew
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Binding Sites; Cell Cycle Proteins - chemistry; Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics; Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism; chromatin; Chromatin - metabolism; chromo domain; Clr4 protein; Conserved Sequence; epigenetic gene regulation; Gene Silencing; histone methyltransferase; Histone Methyltransferases; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; Methyltransferases - chemistry; Methyltransferases - genetics; Methyltransferases - metabolism; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation - genetics; NMR; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Protein Binding; Protein Methyltransferases; protein structure; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Schizosaccharomyces - enzymology; Schizosaccharomyces - genetics; Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Static Electricity
• ISSN: 0022-2836; 1089-8638
• DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4515

The encapsulation of otherwise transcribable loci within transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin is rapidly gaining recognition as an important mechanism of epigenetic gene regulation. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, heterochromatinization of the mat2/mat3 loci silences the mating-type information encoded within these loci. Here, we present the solution structure of the chromo domain from the cryptic loci regulator protein Clr4. Clr4 is known to regulate silencing and switching at the mating-type loci and to affect chromatin structure at centromeres. Clr4 and its human and Drosophila homologs have been identified as histone H3-specific methyltransferases, further implicating this family of proteins in chromatin remodeling. Our structure highlights a conserved surface that may be involved in chromo domain-ligand interactions. We have also analyzed two chromo domain mutants (W31G and W41G) that previously were shown to affect silencing and switching in full-length Clr4. Both mutants are significantly destabilized relative to wild-type.