Development of an indoor rowing machine with manual FES controller for total body exercise in paraplegia

Concept 2 indoor rowing machine (Concept 2 Inc., USA) was modified for functional electrical stimulation (FES) rowing exercise in paraplegia. A new seating system provides trunk stability and constrains the leg motion to the sagittal plane. A 4-channel electrical stimulator activates the quadriceps...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering 2002-09, Vol.10 (3), p.197-203
Main Authors: Davoodi, R., Andrews, B.J., Wheeler, G.D., Lederer, R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Cervical Vertebrae - injuries
Control systems
Electric Stimulation Therapy - instrumentation
Electric Stimulation Therapy - methods
Electric variables measurement
Equipment Design
Ergometry - instrumentation
Ergometry - methods
Exercise Therapy - instrumentation
Exercise Therapy - methods
Feedback
Force measurement
Home Care Services
Human factors
Humans
Leg
Leg - physiopathology
Middle Aged
Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology
Neuromuscular stimulation
Paralysis
Paraplegia - etiology
Paraplegia - rehabilitation
Resistors
Self Care - instrumentation
Self Care - methods
Spinal Cord Injuries - complications
Stability
Stimulated emission
Thoracic Vertebrae - injuries
Thumb
User-Computer Interface
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Summary:Concept 2 indoor rowing machine (Concept 2 Inc., USA) was modified for functional electrical stimulation (FES) rowing exercise in paraplegia. A new seating system provides trunk stability and constrains the leg motion to the sagittal plane. A 4-channel electrical stimulator activates the quadriceps and hamstrings in Drive and Recovery phases of the rowing cycle, respectively. Two force-sensing resistors (FSR) on the handle measure the thumb press as the command signal to the electrical stimulator. Optical encoders measure the positions of the seat and handle during rowing. To synchronize the voluntarily controlled upper body movement with the FES controlled leg movement, a novel manual control system was developed. It uses the voluntary thumb presses to control the timing of the stimulation to the paralyzed leg muscles. The manual control system was intuitive and easy to learn and resulted in well-coordinated rowing. Evaluation of the modified rower by paraplegic volunteers showed that it is effective, safe, and affordable exercise alternative for paraplegics.
ISSN:1534-4320
1558-0210
DOI:10.1109/TNSRE.2002.802880