Identification of parent benzodiazepines by gas chromotography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) from urinary extracts treated with B-glucuronidase

Urinary glucuronide metabolites of the benzodiazepines were converted back to the parent molecules after treatment with B-glucuronidase. The benzodiazepines were extracted by a one-step liquid/liquid extraction from urine or by a liquid/solid phase extraction. For the limit of detection (LOD), a sta...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Forensic science international 1995-05, Vol.73 (1), p.49-60
Main Authors: Needleman, Saul B., Porvaznik, Martin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alprazolam - urine
B-glucuronidase
Benzodiazepines - urine
Biological and medical sciences
Chlordiazepoxide - urine
Clonazepam - urine
Diazepam - urine
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods
Gas chromotography/mass spectroscopy
Glucuronidase
Humans
Hypnotics. Sedatives
Lorazepam - urine
Medical sciences
Neuropharmacology
Oxazepam - urine
Parent benzodiazepines, identification of
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopharmacology
Triazolam - urine
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Summary:Urinary glucuronide metabolites of the benzodiazepines were converted back to the parent molecules after treatment with B-glucuronidase. The benzodiazepines were extracted by a one-step liquid/liquid extraction from urine or by a liquid/solid phase extraction. For the limit of detection (LOD), a standard solution of diazepam and oxazepam was serially diluted and analyzed to the point at which a reproducible analytical result was no longer obtained. Using a temperature program and a splitless mode of injection, excellent quantitation was achieved within an 8-min run time. Based upon specimens obtained from patients under a physician's care, we have determined that urinary concentrations of the benzodiazepines > 200 ng/ml are most likely due to abuse rather than to a prescribed ingestion under strict medical surveillance. Therefore, the calibration standard and cutoff concentration for a positive result was set at 200 ng/ml.
ISSN:0379-0738
1872-6283
DOI:10.1016/0379-0738(95)80001-8