Nucleotide sequence and evolution of the Orangutan ε globin gene region and surrounding Alu repeats

We have mapped and sequenced the epsilon globin gene and seven surrounding Alu repeat sequences in the orangutan beta globin gene cluster and have compared these and other orangutan sequences to orthologously related human sequences. Noncoding flanking and intron sequences, synonymous sites of alpha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of molecular evolution 1986-01, Vol.24 (1-2), p.94-102
Main Authors: KOOP, B. F, MIYAMOTO, M. M, EMBURY, J. E, GOODMAN, M, CZELUSNIAK, J, SLIGHTOM, J. L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Base Sequence
Biological and medical sciences
Biological Evolution
DNA Restriction Enzymes
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genes, Regulator
Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
Globins - genetics
Hominidae - genetics
Humans
Phylogeny
Pongo pygmaeus
Pongo pygmaeus - genetics
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Species Specificity
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Summary:We have mapped and sequenced the epsilon globin gene and seven surrounding Alu repeat sequences in the orangutan beta globin gene cluster and have compared these and other orangutan sequences to orthologously related human sequences. Noncoding flanking and intron sequences, synonymous sites of alpha, gamma, and epsilon globin coding regions, and Alu sequences in human and orangutan diverge by 3.2%, 2.7%, and 3.7%, respectively. These values compare to 3.6% from DNA hybridizations and 3.4% from the psi eta globin gene region. If as suggested by fossil evidence and "molecular clock" calculations, human and orangutan lineages diverged about 10-15 MYA, the rate of noncoding DNA evolution in the two species is 1.0-1.5 X 10(-9) substitutions per site per year. We found no evidence for either the addition or deletion of Alu sequences from the beta globin gene cluster nor is there any evidence for recent concerted evolution among the Alu sequences examined. Both phylogenetic and phenetic distance analyses suggest that Alu sequences within the alpha and beta globin gene clusters arose close to the time of simian and prosimian primate divergence (about 50-60 MYA). We conclude that Alu sequences have been evolving at the rate typical of noncoding DNA for the majority of primate history.
ISSN:0022-2844
1432-1432
DOI:10.1007/BF02099956