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Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: Correlation with upper genital tract microbial colonization and gestational age in women delivered after spontaneous labor versus indicated delivery
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether amniotic fluid interleukin-6 is increased and inversely proportional to gestational age in women with chorioamnion colonization and spontaneous labor versus women delivered for medical or obstetric indications. STUDY DESIGN: The chorioamnion and amniot...
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| Published in: | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 1995-08, Vol.173 (2), p.606-612 |
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| container_title | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology |
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| creator | Andrews, William W. Hauth, John C. Goldenberg, Robert L. Gomez, Ricardo Romero, Roberto Cassell, Gail H. |
| description | OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether amniotic fluid interleukin-6 is increased and inversely proportional to gestational age in women with chorioamnion colonization and spontaneous labor versus women delivered for medical or obstetric indications.
STUDY DESIGN: The chorioamnion and amniotic fluid were cultured at cesarean delivery for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, mycoplasmas, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis in 269 women with singleton gestations with intact membranes. The amniotic fluid interleukin-6 concentration was also determined.
RESULTS: Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels were (1) higher in women with spontaneous labor versus those with indicated deliveries (15.8 ± 5.0 vs 2.2 ± 0.2 ng/ml, p = 0.01), (2) inversely proportional to gestational age in women with spontaneous labor ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90290-2 |
| format | article |
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STUDY DESIGN: The chorioamnion and amniotic fluid were cultured at cesarean delivery for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, mycoplasmas, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis in 269 women with singleton gestations with intact membranes. The amniotic fluid interleukin-6 concentration was also determined.
RESULTS: Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels were (1) higher in women with spontaneous labor versus those with indicated deliveries (15.8 ± 5.0 vs 2.2 ± 0.2 ng/ml, p = 0.01), (2) inversely proportional to gestational age in women with spontaneous labor (<34 weeks: 47.4 ± 18.0 ng/ml vs ≥34 weeks: 8.7 = 4.1 ng/ml, p = 0.001) but not in women with indicated deliveries (1.5 ± 0.4 vs 2.4 ± 0.3 ng/ml), (3) higher in women with a positive versus a negative chorioamnion (15.1 = 4.8 vs 3.0 ± 0.8 ng/ml, p < 0.001) or amniotic fluid (17.4 ± 7.7 vs 3.8 ± 0.9 mg/ml, p < 0.001) culture, and (4) higher in women with a negative amniotic fluid but positive chorioamnion culture compared with women in whom both cultures were negative (10.0 = 4.4 vs 3.0 ± 0.9 ng/ml, p = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels are (1) higher and inversely proportional to gestational age in women with intact membranes and spontaneous labor versus indicated deliveries, (2) higher in women with one or more microorganisms in the chorioamnion or amniotic fluid, and (3) reflective of chorioamnion microbial colonization, even when the amniotic fluid culture is negative, and may be a useful clinical marker for infection-mediated preterm labor.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9378</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-6868</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90290-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 7645642</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJOGAH</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Amnion - chemistry ; Amnion - microbiology ; Amnion - parasitology ; Amniotic Fluid - chemistry ; Amniotic Fluid - microbiology ; Amniotic Fluid - parasitology ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cesarean Section ; Chlamydia trachomatis - isolation & purification ; Chorioamnion infection ; chorioamnionitis ; Chorion - chemistry ; Chorion - microbiology ; Chorion - parasitology ; Culture Techniques ; Female ; Genital system. Mammary gland ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-6 - analysis ; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) ; Labor, Induced ; Labor, Obstetric ; Medical sciences ; Mycoplasma - isolation & purification ; Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques ; Pregnancy ; prematurity ; preterm labor ; Trial of Labor ; Trichomonas vaginalis - isolation & purification ; Ureaplasma urealyticum - isolation & purification</subject><ispartof>American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1995-08, Vol.173 (2), p.606-612</ispartof><rights>1995</rights><rights>1995 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-84ebbec353857413e7d7aa9eabccfe2d84542477a3973c3f9cdb9b825db106273</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-84ebbec353857413e7d7aa9eabccfe2d84542477a3973c3f9cdb9b825db106273</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,780,784,789,790,23930,23931,25140,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3677503$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7645642$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Andrews, William W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hauth, John C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldenberg, Robert L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gomez, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romero, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cassell, Gail H.</creatorcontrib><title>Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: Correlation with upper genital tract microbial colonization and gestational age in women delivered after spontaneous labor versus indicated delivery</title><title>American journal of obstetrics and gynecology</title><addtitle>Am J Obstet Gynecol</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether amniotic fluid interleukin-6 is increased and inversely proportional to gestational age in women with chorioamnion colonization and spontaneous labor versus women delivered for medical or obstetric indications.
STUDY DESIGN: The chorioamnion and amniotic fluid were cultured at cesarean delivery for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, mycoplasmas, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis in 269 women with singleton gestations with intact membranes. The amniotic fluid interleukin-6 concentration was also determined.
RESULTS: Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels were (1) higher in women with spontaneous labor versus those with indicated deliveries (15.8 ± 5.0 vs 2.2 ± 0.2 ng/ml, p = 0.01), (2) inversely proportional to gestational age in women with spontaneous labor (<34 weeks: 47.4 ± 18.0 ng/ml vs ≥34 weeks: 8.7 = 4.1 ng/ml, p = 0.001) but not in women with indicated deliveries (1.5 ± 0.4 vs 2.4 ± 0.3 ng/ml), (3) higher in women with a positive versus a negative chorioamnion (15.1 = 4.8 vs 3.0 ± 0.8 ng/ml, p < 0.001) or amniotic fluid (17.4 ± 7.7 vs 3.8 ± 0.9 mg/ml, p < 0.001) culture, and (4) higher in women with a negative amniotic fluid but positive chorioamnion culture compared with women in whom both cultures were negative (10.0 = 4.4 vs 3.0 ± 0.9 ng/ml, p = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels are (1) higher and inversely proportional to gestational age in women with intact membranes and spontaneous labor versus indicated deliveries, (2) higher in women with one or more microorganisms in the chorioamnion or amniotic fluid, and (3) reflective of chorioamnion microbial colonization, even when the amniotic fluid culture is negative, and may be a useful clinical marker for infection-mediated preterm labor.</description><subject>Amnion - chemistry</subject><subject>Amnion - microbiology</subject><subject>Amnion - parasitology</subject><subject>Amniotic Fluid - chemistry</subject><subject>Amniotic Fluid - microbiology</subject><subject>Amniotic Fluid - parasitology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cesarean Section</subject><subject>Chlamydia trachomatis - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Chorioamnion infection</subject><subject>chorioamnionitis</subject><subject>Chorion - chemistry</subject><subject>Chorion - microbiology</subject><subject>Chorion - parasitology</subject><subject>Culture Techniques</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genital system. Mammary gland</subject><subject>Gestational Age</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>interleukin-6</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - analysis</subject><subject>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</subject><subject>Labor, Induced</subject><subject>Labor, Obstetric</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mycoplasma - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>prematurity</subject><subject>preterm labor</subject><subject>Trial of Labor</subject><subject>Trichomonas vaginalis - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Ureaplasma urealyticum - isolation & purification</subject><issn>0002-9378</issn><issn>1097-6868</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1995</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc1u1TAQhSMEKpfCG4DkBUKwCDh2EsddIFVX_EmV2MDacuxJGXDsi-20Ko_FE-LbRHfJyjo634xn5lTV84a-bWjTv6OUslpyMbyW3RtJmaQ1e1DtGipF3Q_98LDanZDH1ZOUfh4lk-ysOhN92_Ut21V_L2ePIaMhk1vQEvQZooPlF_q6vyD7ECM4nTF4cov5B1kOB4jkGjxm7UiO2mQyo4lhxKJNcMHjn5XX3hYw5XtVTH0NpT25DTN4YsHhDUSwRE_lR5IOwWftISyJOD2GSIqbikBv0ehcwK3k7mn1aNIuwbPtPa--f_zwbf-5vvr66cv-8qo2fOhzPbQwjmB4x4dOtA0HYYXWEvRozATMDm3XslYIzaXghk_S2FGOA-vs2NCeCX5evVr7HmL4vZRF1IzJgHPrmEqIths4bQrYrmA5Q0oRJnWIOOt4pxqqjlGp4-HVMQclO3UflWKl7MXWfxlnsKeiLZviv9x8nYx2U9TeYDphvBeio7xg71cMyi1uEKJKBsEbsBjBZGUD_n-Of_f6tSI</recordid><startdate>19950801</startdate><enddate>19950801</enddate><creator>Andrews, William W.</creator><creator>Hauth, John C.</creator><creator>Goldenberg, Robert L.</creator><creator>Gomez, Ricardo</creator><creator>Romero, Roberto</creator><creator>Cassell, Gail H.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19950801</creationdate><title>Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: Correlation with upper genital tract microbial colonization and gestational age in women delivered after spontaneous labor versus indicated delivery</title><author>Andrews, William W. ; Hauth, John C. ; Goldenberg, Robert L. ; Gomez, Ricardo ; Romero, Roberto ; Cassell, Gail H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-84ebbec353857413e7d7aa9eabccfe2d84542477a3973c3f9cdb9b825db106273</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1995</creationdate><topic>Amnion - chemistry</topic><topic>Amnion - microbiology</topic><topic>Amnion - parasitology</topic><topic>Amniotic Fluid - chemistry</topic><topic>Amniotic Fluid - microbiology</topic><topic>Amniotic Fluid - parasitology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cesarean Section</topic><topic>Chlamydia trachomatis - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Chorioamnion infection</topic><topic>chorioamnionitis</topic><topic>Chorion - chemistry</topic><topic>Chorion - microbiology</topic><topic>Chorion - parasitology</topic><topic>Culture Techniques</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genital system. Mammary gland</topic><topic>Gestational Age</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>interleukin-6</topic><topic>Interleukin-6 - analysis</topic><topic>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</topic><topic>Labor, Induced</topic><topic>Labor, Obstetric</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mycoplasma - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>prematurity</topic><topic>preterm labor</topic><topic>Trial of Labor</topic><topic>Trichomonas vaginalis - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Ureaplasma urealyticum - isolation & purification</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Andrews, William W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hauth, John C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldenberg, Robert L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gomez, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romero, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cassell, Gail H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of obstetrics and gynecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Andrews, William W.</au><au>Hauth, John C.</au><au>Goldenberg, Robert L.</au><au>Gomez, Ricardo</au><au>Romero, Roberto</au><au>Cassell, Gail H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: Correlation with upper genital tract microbial colonization and gestational age in women delivered after spontaneous labor versus indicated delivery</atitle><jtitle>American journal of obstetrics and gynecology</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Obstet Gynecol</addtitle><date>1995-08-01</date><risdate>1995</risdate><volume>173</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>606</spage><epage>612</epage><pages>606-612</pages><issn>0002-9378</issn><eissn>1097-6868</eissn><coden>AJOGAH</coden><abstract>OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether amniotic fluid interleukin-6 is increased and inversely proportional to gestational age in women with chorioamnion colonization and spontaneous labor versus women delivered for medical or obstetric indications.
STUDY DESIGN: The chorioamnion and amniotic fluid were cultured at cesarean delivery for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, mycoplasmas, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis in 269 women with singleton gestations with intact membranes. The amniotic fluid interleukin-6 concentration was also determined.
RESULTS: Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels were (1) higher in women with spontaneous labor versus those with indicated deliveries (15.8 ± 5.0 vs 2.2 ± 0.2 ng/ml, p = 0.01), (2) inversely proportional to gestational age in women with spontaneous labor (<34 weeks: 47.4 ± 18.0 ng/ml vs ≥34 weeks: 8.7 = 4.1 ng/ml, p = 0.001) but not in women with indicated deliveries (1.5 ± 0.4 vs 2.4 ± 0.3 ng/ml), (3) higher in women with a positive versus a negative chorioamnion (15.1 = 4.8 vs 3.0 ± 0.8 ng/ml, p < 0.001) or amniotic fluid (17.4 ± 7.7 vs 3.8 ± 0.9 mg/ml, p < 0.001) culture, and (4) higher in women with a negative amniotic fluid but positive chorioamnion culture compared with women in whom both cultures were negative (10.0 = 4.4 vs 3.0 ± 0.9 ng/ml, p = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels are (1) higher and inversely proportional to gestational age in women with intact membranes and spontaneous labor versus indicated deliveries, (2) higher in women with one or more microorganisms in the chorioamnion or amniotic fluid, and (3) reflective of chorioamnion microbial colonization, even when the amniotic fluid culture is negative, and may be a useful clinical marker for infection-mediated preterm labor.</abstract><cop>Philadelphia, PA</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>7645642</pmid><doi>10.1016/0002-9378(95)90290-2</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1995-08, Vol.173 (2), p.606-612 |
| issn | 0002-9378 1097-6868 |
| language | eng |
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| source | ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Amnion - chemistry Amnion - microbiology Amnion - parasitology Amniotic Fluid - chemistry Amniotic Fluid - microbiology Amniotic Fluid - parasitology Animals Biological and medical sciences Cesarean Section Chlamydia trachomatis - isolation & purification Chorioamnion infection chorioamnionitis Chorion - chemistry Chorion - microbiology Chorion - parasitology Culture Techniques Female Genital system. Mammary gland Gestational Age Humans interleukin-6 Interleukin-6 - analysis Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Labor, Induced Labor, Obstetric Medical sciences Mycoplasma - isolation & purification Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques Pregnancy prematurity preterm labor Trial of Labor Trichomonas vaginalis - isolation & purification Ureaplasma urealyticum - isolation & purification |
| title | Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: Correlation with upper genital tract microbial colonization and gestational age in women delivered after spontaneous labor versus indicated delivery |
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