Divergence of insulin-like growth factors I and II in the elasmobranch, Squalus acanthias

Recent studies have shown that vertebrates, including teleostean fishes, amphibians, birds and mammals, contain two distinct insulin-like growth factor (IGF) genes. In contrast agnathans, represented by hagfish, apparently have only one IGF that has features characteristic of both IGF-I and IGF-II....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:FEBS letters 1995-08, Vol.371 (1), p.69-72
Main Authors: Duguay, Stephen J., Shu Jin Chan, Mommsen, Thomas P., Steiner, Donald F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Base Sequence
bp, basepair
Cloning, Molecular
Conserved Sequence - genetics
Dogfish - genetics
Genes - genetics
IGF, insulin-like growth factor
ILP, insulin-like peptide
Insulin-like growth factor
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - genetics
Insulin-Like Growth Factor II - genetics
Liver - chemistry
Marine
Molecular Sequence Data
Multigene Family
PCR, polymerase chain reaction
Phylogeny
RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends
RNA - analysis
RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR
Sequence Alignment
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Squalus acanthias
Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish shark)
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Summary:Recent studies have shown that vertebrates, including teleostean fishes, amphibians, birds and mammals, contain two distinct insulin-like growth factor (IGF) genes. In contrast agnathans, represented by hagfish, apparently have only one IGF that has features characteristic of both IGF-I and IGF-II. Between these groups the elasmobranchs occupy a critical position in terms of the phylogeny of IGFs. We sought to determine if gene duplication and divergence of IGF-I and IGF-II occurred before or after divergence of elasmobranchs from other vertebrates by cloning IGF-like molecules from Squalus acanthias. Our analysis shows that Squalus liver produces two distinct IGF-like molecules. One has greater sequence identity to, and conserved features characteristic of, known IGF-I molecules, while the other is more IGF-II like. These results suggest that the prototypical IGF molecule duplicated and diverged in an ancestor of the extant gnathostomes.
ISSN:0014-5793
1873-3468
DOI:10.1016/0014-5793(95)00879-E