Extreme fitness differences in mammalian and insect hosts after continuous replication of vesicular stomatitis virus in sandfly cells

Continuous, persistent replication of a wild-type strain of vesicular stomatitis virus in cultured sandfly cells for 10 months profoundly decreased virus replicative fitness in mammalian cells and greatly increased fitness in sandfly cells. After persistent infection of sandfly cells, fitness was ov...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Virology 1995-11, Vol.69 (11), p.6805-6809
Main Authors: Novella, I S, Clarke, D K, Quer, J, Duarte, E A, Lee, C H, Weaver, S C, Elena, S F, Moya, A, Domingo, E, Holland, J J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adaptacion
adaptation
Animals
brain
Brain - virology
cell culture
Cell Line
cerebro
cultivo de celulas
culture de cellule
Diptera
encephale
fenotipos
hamster
hamsters
Insecta
kidneys
Kinetics
Lutzomyia longipalpis
Mammals
Mice
pathogenicity
phenotype
phenotypes
poder patogeno
pouvoir pathogene
raton
rein
rinones
RNA Viruses - genetics
RNA Viruses - physiology
souris
Species Specificity
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus - genetics
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus - pathogenicity
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus - physiology
vesicular stomatitis virus
Viral Vaccines
Virulence
virus de la estomatitis vesicular
Virus Replication
virus stomatite vesiculeuse
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Summary:Continuous, persistent replication of a wild-type strain of vesicular stomatitis virus in cultured sandfly cells for 10 months profoundly decreased virus replicative fitness in mammalian cells and greatly increased fitness in sandfly cells. After persistent infection of sandfly cells, fitness was over 2,000,000-fold greater than that in mammalian cells, indicating extreme selective differences in the environmental conditions provided by insect and mammalian cells. The sandfly-adapted virus also showed extremely low fitness in mouse brain cells (comparable to that in mammalian cell cultures). It also showed an attenuated phenotype, requiring a nearly millionfold higher intracranial dose than that of its parent clone to kill mice. A single passage of this adapted virus in BHK-21 cells at 37 degrees C restored fitness to near neutrality and also restored mouse neurovirulence. These results clearly illustrate the enormous capacity of RNA viruses to adapt to changing selective environments.
ISSN:0022-538X
1098-5514
DOI:10.1128/JVI.69.11.6805-6809.1995