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Goal-Directed Fantasy, Hypnotic Susceptibility, and Expectancies
We conducted an initial screening session in which hypnosis was presented as a "test of imagination" and administered with other imagination measures. In a second session, we instructed high- and low-hypnotizable subjects to imagine along with suggestions but to resist responding to motori...
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| Published in: | Journal of personality and social psychology 1987-11, Vol.53 (5), p.933-938 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| container_end_page | 938 |
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | 933 |
| container_title | Journal of personality and social psychology |
| container_volume | 53 |
| creator | Lynn, Steven Jay Snodgrass, Michael Rhue, Judith W Hardaway, Richard |
| description | We conducted an initial screening session in which hypnosis was presented as a "test of imagination" and administered with other imagination measures. In a second session, we instructed high- and low-hypnotizable subjects to imagine along with suggestions but to resist responding to motoric suggestions. Subjects received either instructions to use goal-directed fantasies (GDFs) or no facilitative instructions. Sizable individual difference effects were secured. Hypnotizable subjects exhibited more suggestion-related movements and reported greater involuntariness than did low-hypnotizable subjects. With GDF instructions, low- and high-hypnotizable subjects reported equivalent GDF absorption and frequencies. However, hypnotizable subjects exhibited greater responsiveness and reported greater involuntariness than did those low in hypnotizability, even when their GDFs were equivalent. Thus, no support was generated for the hypotheses that sustained, elaborated suggestion-related imagery mediates response to suggestion (
Arnold, 1946
) or that absorption in suggestions is of particular importance for low-hypnotizable subjects (
Zamansky & Clark, 1986
). Our finding that measures of response expectancy paralelled responding and reports of nonvolition support the hypothesis that expectancies mediate the relation between imagination, involuntariness, and responding (
Kirsch, 1985
;
Spanos, 1982
). Hypnotizable imagining subjects in the study discussed here exhibited greater responsiveness than a comparable sample of subjects did in a previous countersuggestion study (
Lynn, Nash, Rhue, Frauman, & Stanley, 1983
) in which no attempt was made to foster an association between imagining and involuntary responding in the initial screening session. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/0022-3514.53.5.933 |
| format | article |
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Arnold, 1946
) or that absorption in suggestions is of particular importance for low-hypnotizable subjects (
Zamansky & Clark, 1986
). Our finding that measures of response expectancy paralelled responding and reports of nonvolition support the hypothesis that expectancies mediate the relation between imagination, involuntariness, and responding (
Kirsch, 1985
;
Spanos, 1982
). Hypnotizable imagining subjects in the study discussed here exhibited greater responsiveness than a comparable sample of subjects did in a previous countersuggestion study (
Lynn, Nash, Rhue, Frauman, & Stanley, 1983
) in which no attempt was made to foster an association between imagining and involuntary responding in the initial screening session.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3514</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1315</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.53.5.933</identifier><identifier>PMID: 3681658</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JPSPB2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; Concentration ; Expectations ; Fantasy ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Goals ; Human ; Humans ; Hypnosis ; Hypnotic Susceptibility ; Imagery ; Male ; Personality traits ; Personality. Affectivity ; Psychology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Set (Psychology) ; Social research ; Suggestion</subject><ispartof>Journal of personality and social psychology, 1987-11, Vol.53 (5), p.933-938</ispartof><rights>1987 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>1988 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association Nov 1987</rights><rights>1987, American Psychological Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a438t-e2b0da89c9b9fd0b088a5023568419cbdda4053a54a5d9f0898a11dc20311c1f3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,30999,33223,33774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=7412722$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3681658$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lynn, Steven Jay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Snodgrass, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rhue, Judith W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hardaway, Richard</creatorcontrib><title>Goal-Directed Fantasy, Hypnotic Susceptibility, and Expectancies</title><title>Journal of personality and social psychology</title><addtitle>J Pers Soc Psychol</addtitle><description>We conducted an initial screening session in which hypnosis was presented as a "test of imagination" and administered with other imagination measures. In a second session, we instructed high- and low-hypnotizable subjects to imagine along with suggestions but to resist responding to motoric suggestions. Subjects received either instructions to use goal-directed fantasies (GDFs) or no facilitative instructions. Sizable individual difference effects were secured. Hypnotizable subjects exhibited more suggestion-related movements and reported greater involuntariness than did low-hypnotizable subjects. With GDF instructions, low- and high-hypnotizable subjects reported equivalent GDF absorption and frequencies. However, hypnotizable subjects exhibited greater responsiveness and reported greater involuntariness than did those low in hypnotizability, even when their GDFs were equivalent. Thus, no support was generated for the hypotheses that sustained, elaborated suggestion-related imagery mediates response to suggestion (
Arnold, 1946
) or that absorption in suggestions is of particular importance for low-hypnotizable subjects (
Zamansky & Clark, 1986
). Our finding that measures of response expectancy paralelled responding and reports of nonvolition support the hypothesis that expectancies mediate the relation between imagination, involuntariness, and responding (
Kirsch, 1985
;
Spanos, 1982
). Hypnotizable imagining subjects in the study discussed here exhibited greater responsiveness than a comparable sample of subjects did in a previous countersuggestion study (
Lynn, Nash, Rhue, Frauman, & Stanley, 1983
) in which no attempt was made to foster an association between imagining and involuntary responding in the initial screening session.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Concentration</subject><subject>Expectations</subject><subject>Fantasy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Goals</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypnosis</subject><subject>Hypnotic Susceptibility</subject><subject>Imagery</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Personality traits</subject><subject>Personality. Affectivity</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Set (Psychology)</subject><subject>Social research</subject><subject>Suggestion</subject><issn>0022-3514</issn><issn>1939-1315</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1987</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>8BJ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNp90U1r3DAQBmBRGtJN0j8QCCxN6CnezujDlm4Jab4gkEPbsxhLMjh4bVeyofvvqyXLBgrNSYd5ZjTMy9gpwgpBVN8AOC-EQrlSYqVWRogPbIFGmAIFqo9ssQef2FFKLwAgFeeH7FCUGkulF-zqfqCu-N7G4Kbgl3fUT5Q2l8uHzdgPU-uWP-bkwji1ddu1Uy5Q75e3f8bMqXdtSCfsoKEuhc-795j9urv9efNQPD3fP95cPxUkhZ6KwGvwpI0ztWk81KA1KeBClVqicbX3JEEJUpKUNw1oownROw4C0WEjjtnX17ljHH7PIU123ebNuo76MMzJVpWWpagwwy__wJdhjn3ezZYouQFj9HuIg9FcQykyOv8fQm6U0SCrKiv-qlwcUoqhsWNs1xQ3FsFuY7LbFOw2BauEVTbHlJvOdqPneh38vmWXS65f7OqUHHVN3B477VklkVecvzEayY5p4yjmzLqQZRrffvsLCjSjFw</recordid><startdate>19871101</startdate><enddate>19871101</enddate><creator>Lynn, Steven Jay</creator><creator>Snodgrass, Michael</creator><creator>Rhue, Judith W</creator><creator>Hardaway, Richard</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>GHEHK</scope><scope>IZSXY</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19871101</creationdate><title>Goal-Directed Fantasy, Hypnotic Susceptibility, and Expectancies</title><author>Lynn, Steven Jay ; Snodgrass, Michael ; Rhue, Judith W ; Hardaway, Richard</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a438t-e2b0da89c9b9fd0b088a5023568419cbdda4053a54a5d9f0898a11dc20311c1f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1987</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Concentration</topic><topic>Expectations</topic><topic>Fantasy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of personality and social psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lynn, Steven Jay</au><au>Snodgrass, Michael</au><au>Rhue, Judith W</au><au>Hardaway, Richard</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Goal-Directed Fantasy, Hypnotic Susceptibility, and Expectancies</atitle><jtitle>Journal of personality and social psychology</jtitle><addtitle>J Pers Soc Psychol</addtitle><date>1987-11-01</date><risdate>1987</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>933</spage><epage>938</epage><pages>933-938</pages><issn>0022-3514</issn><eissn>1939-1315</eissn><coden>JPSPB2</coden><abstract>We conducted an initial screening session in which hypnosis was presented as a "test of imagination" and administered with other imagination measures. In a second session, we instructed high- and low-hypnotizable subjects to imagine along with suggestions but to resist responding to motoric suggestions. Subjects received either instructions to use goal-directed fantasies (GDFs) or no facilitative instructions. Sizable individual difference effects were secured. Hypnotizable subjects exhibited more suggestion-related movements and reported greater involuntariness than did low-hypnotizable subjects. With GDF instructions, low- and high-hypnotizable subjects reported equivalent GDF absorption and frequencies. However, hypnotizable subjects exhibited greater responsiveness and reported greater involuntariness than did those low in hypnotizability, even when their GDFs were equivalent. Thus, no support was generated for the hypotheses that sustained, elaborated suggestion-related imagery mediates response to suggestion (
Arnold, 1946
) or that absorption in suggestions is of particular importance for low-hypnotizable subjects (
Zamansky & Clark, 1986
). Our finding that measures of response expectancy paralelled responding and reports of nonvolition support the hypothesis that expectancies mediate the relation between imagination, involuntariness, and responding (
Kirsch, 1985
;
Spanos, 1982
). Hypnotizable imagining subjects in the study discussed here exhibited greater responsiveness than a comparable sample of subjects did in a previous countersuggestion study (
Lynn, Nash, Rhue, Frauman, & Stanley, 1983
) in which no attempt was made to foster an association between imagining and involuntary responding in the initial screening session.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>3681658</pmid><doi>10.1037/0022-3514.53.5.933</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of personality and social psychology, 1987-11, Vol.53 (5), p.933-938 |
| issn | 0022-3514 1939-1315 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS); PsycARTICLES; Sociological Abstracts |
| subjects | Adult Biological and medical sciences Concentration Expectations Fantasy Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Goals Human Humans Hypnosis Hypnotic Susceptibility Imagery Male Personality traits Personality. Affectivity Psychology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Set (Psychology) Social research Suggestion |
| title | Goal-Directed Fantasy, Hypnotic Susceptibility, and Expectancies |
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