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Left–right asymmetric expression of the TGFβ-family member lefty in mouse embryos
EXAMPLES of lateral asymmetry are often found in vertebrates, such as the heart being on the left side, but the molecular mechanism governing the establishment of this left–right (L–R) handedness is unknown 1 . A diffusible morphogen may determine L–R polarity 2 , but a likely molecule has not so fa...
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| Published in: | Nature (London) 1996-05, Vol.381 (6578), p.151-155 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-68c848da62ba691d0b228bc744598e98235e522515b614871d5de5419a6d2e743 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-68c848da62ba691d0b228bc744598e98235e522515b614871d5de5419a6d2e743 |
| container_end_page | 155 |
| container_issue | 6578 |
| container_start_page | 151 |
| container_title | Nature (London) |
| container_volume | 381 |
| creator | Meno, Chikara Saijoh, Yukio Fujii, Hideta Ikeda, Masako Yokoyama, Takahiko Yokoyama, Minesuke Toyoda, Yutaka Hamada, Hiroshi |
| description | EXAMPLES of lateral asymmetry are often found in vertebrates, such as the heart being on the left side, but the molecular mechanism governing the establishment of this left–right (L–R) handedness is unknown
1
. A diffusible morphogen may determine L–R polarity
2
, but a likely molecule has not so far been identified. Here we report on the gene
lefty
, a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, which may encode a morphogen for L–R determination. Lefty protein contains the cysteine-knot motif
3
characteristic of this superfamily
4,5
and is secreted as a processed form of relative molecular mass 25K–32K. Surprisingly,
lefty
is expressed in the left half of gastrulating mouse embryos. This asymmetric expression is very transient and occurs just before the first sign of lateral asymmetry appears. In the mouse mutants
iv
and
inv
, which cause
situs inversus
, the sites of
lefty
expression are inverted, indicating that
lefty
is downstream of
iv
and
inv
. These results suggest that
lefty
may be involved in setting up L–R asymmetry in the organ systems of mammals. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/381151a0 |
| format | article |
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1
. A diffusible morphogen may determine L–R polarity
2
, but a likely molecule has not so far been identified. Here we report on the gene
lefty
, a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, which may encode a morphogen for L–R determination. Lefty protein contains the cysteine-knot motif
3
characteristic of this superfamily
4,5
and is secreted as a processed form of relative molecular mass 25K–32K. Surprisingly,
lefty
is expressed in the left half of gastrulating mouse embryos. This asymmetric expression is very transient and occurs just before the first sign of lateral asymmetry appears. In the mouse mutants
iv
and
inv
, which cause
situs inversus
, the sites of
lefty
expression are inverted, indicating that
lefty
is downstream of
iv
and
inv
. These results suggest that
lefty
may be involved in setting up L–R asymmetry in the organ systems of mammals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/381151a0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8610011</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>3T3 Cells ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cysteine - chemistry ; DNA ; Embryo, Mammalian - anatomy & histology ; Embryo, Mammalian - metabolism ; Embryonic and Fetal Development - genetics ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Left-Right Determination Factors ; letter ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Molecular Sequence Data ; multidisciplinary ; Mutation ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Transforming Growth Factor beta - biosynthesis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta - chemistry ; Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta - physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 1996-05, Vol.381 (6578), p.151-155</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 1996</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-68c848da62ba691d0b228bc744598e98235e522515b614871d5de5419a6d2e743</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-68c848da62ba691d0b228bc744598e98235e522515b614871d5de5419a6d2e743</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8610011$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Meno, Chikara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saijoh, Yukio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujii, Hideta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikeda, Masako</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yokoyama, Takahiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yokoyama, Minesuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toyoda, Yutaka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hamada, Hiroshi</creatorcontrib><title>Left–right asymmetric expression of the TGFβ-family member lefty in mouse embryos</title><title>Nature (London)</title><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><description>EXAMPLES of lateral asymmetry are often found in vertebrates, such as the heart being on the left side, but the molecular mechanism governing the establishment of this left–right (L–R) handedness is unknown
1
. A diffusible morphogen may determine L–R polarity
2
, but a likely molecule has not so far been identified. Here we report on the gene
lefty
, a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, which may encode a morphogen for L–R determination. Lefty protein contains the cysteine-knot motif
3
characteristic of this superfamily
4,5
and is secreted as a processed form of relative molecular mass 25K–32K. Surprisingly,
lefty
is expressed in the left half of gastrulating mouse embryos. This asymmetric expression is very transient and occurs just before the first sign of lateral asymmetry appears. In the mouse mutants
iv
and
inv
, which cause
situs inversus
, the sites of
lefty
expression are inverted, indicating that
lefty
is downstream of
iv
and
inv
. These results suggest that
lefty
may be involved in setting up L–R asymmetry in the organ systems of mammals.</description><subject>3T3 Cells</subject><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Chromosome Mapping</subject><subject>Cysteine - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Embryo, Mammalian - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Embryo, Mammalian - metabolism</subject><subject>Embryonic and Fetal Development - genetics</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Left-Right Determination Factors</subject><subject>letter</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred ICR</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Transforming Growth Factor beta - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Transforming Growth Factor beta - chemistry</subject><subject>Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics</subject><subject>Transforming Growth Factor beta - physiology</subject><subject>Tumor Cells, Cultured</subject><issn>0028-0836</issn><issn>1476-4687</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1996</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkEtKxEAQhhtRdHyAFxB6JbqIVqUf6Sxl8AUDbsZ16CQVjaSTsTsDZucdvIkH8RCexMiMbly4Kqj_q5_iY-wQ4QxBmHNhEBVa2GATlImOpDbJJpsAxCYCI_QO2w3hCQAUJnKbbRuNAIgTNp9R1X--vvn64bHnNgzOUe_rgtPLwlMIddfyruL9I_H59dXHe1RZVzcDd-Ry8rwZrwdet9x1y0B8XPqhC_tsq7JNoIP13GP3V5fz6U00u7u-nV7MokJI0UfaFEaa0uo4tzrFEvI4NnmRSKlSQ6mJhSIVxwpVrlGaBEtVkpKYWl3GlEixx45XvQvfPS8p9JmrQ0FNY1sa_8kSAyBA6X9BTEClqRAjeLICC9-F4KnKFr521g8ZQvZtOvsxPaJH685l7qj8Bddqx_x0lYcxaR_IZ0_d0rejj79dX-ePhcM</recordid><startdate>19960509</startdate><enddate>19960509</enddate><creator>Meno, Chikara</creator><creator>Saijoh, Yukio</creator><creator>Fujii, Hideta</creator><creator>Ikeda, Masako</creator><creator>Yokoyama, Takahiko</creator><creator>Yokoyama, Minesuke</creator><creator>Toyoda, Yutaka</creator><creator>Hamada, Hiroshi</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19960509</creationdate><title>Left–right asymmetric expression of the TGFβ-family member lefty in mouse embryos</title><author>Meno, Chikara ; Saijoh, Yukio ; Fujii, Hideta ; Ikeda, Masako ; Yokoyama, Takahiko ; Yokoyama, Minesuke ; Toyoda, Yutaka ; Hamada, Hiroshi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-68c848da62ba691d0b228bc744598e98235e522515b614871d5de5419a6d2e743</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1996</creationdate><topic>3T3 Cells</topic><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Chromosome Mapping</topic><topic>Cysteine - chemistry</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Embryo, Mammalian - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Embryo, Mammalian - metabolism</topic><topic>Embryonic and Fetal Development - genetics</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Left-Right Determination Factors</topic><topic>letter</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred ICR</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Transforming Growth Factor beta - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Transforming Growth Factor beta - chemistry</topic><topic>Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics</topic><topic>Transforming Growth Factor beta - physiology</topic><topic>Tumor Cells, Cultured</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Meno, Chikara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saijoh, Yukio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujii, Hideta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikeda, Masako</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yokoyama, Takahiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yokoyama, Minesuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toyoda, Yutaka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hamada, Hiroshi</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Meno, Chikara</au><au>Saijoh, Yukio</au><au>Fujii, Hideta</au><au>Ikeda, Masako</au><au>Yokoyama, Takahiko</au><au>Yokoyama, Minesuke</au><au>Toyoda, Yutaka</au><au>Hamada, Hiroshi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Left–right asymmetric expression of the TGFβ-family member lefty in mouse embryos</atitle><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><date>1996-05-09</date><risdate>1996</risdate><volume>381</volume><issue>6578</issue><spage>151</spage><epage>155</epage><pages>151-155</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><abstract>EXAMPLES of lateral asymmetry are often found in vertebrates, such as the heart being on the left side, but the molecular mechanism governing the establishment of this left–right (L–R) handedness is unknown
1
. A diffusible morphogen may determine L–R polarity
2
, but a likely molecule has not so far been identified. Here we report on the gene
lefty
, a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, which may encode a morphogen for L–R determination. Lefty protein contains the cysteine-knot motif
3
characteristic of this superfamily
4,5
and is secreted as a processed form of relative molecular mass 25K–32K. Surprisingly,
lefty
is expressed in the left half of gastrulating mouse embryos. This asymmetric expression is very transient and occurs just before the first sign of lateral asymmetry appears. In the mouse mutants
iv
and
inv
, which cause
situs inversus
, the sites of
lefty
expression are inverted, indicating that
lefty
is downstream of
iv
and
inv
. These results suggest that
lefty
may be involved in setting up L–R asymmetry in the organ systems of mammals.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>8610011</pmid><doi>10.1038/381151a0</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0028-0836 |
| ispartof | Nature (London), 1996-05, Vol.381 (6578), p.151-155 |
| issn | 0028-0836 1476-4687 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_78003056 |
| source | Nature |
| subjects | 3T3 Cells Amino Acid Sequence Animals Base Sequence Chromosome Mapping Cysteine - chemistry DNA Embryo, Mammalian - anatomy & histology Embryo, Mammalian - metabolism Embryonic and Fetal Development - genetics Humanities and Social Sciences Left-Right Determination Factors letter Mice Mice, Inbred ICR Molecular Sequence Data multidisciplinary Mutation Science Science (multidisciplinary) Transforming Growth Factor beta - biosynthesis Transforming Growth Factor beta - chemistry Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics Transforming Growth Factor beta - physiology Tumor Cells, Cultured |
| title | Left–right asymmetric expression of the TGFβ-family member lefty in mouse embryos |
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