Infectious Endocarditis Due to Non-typhi Salmonella in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Report of Two Cases and Review

Endocarditis is not usually considered a complication of AIDS. Because salmonellal bacteremia is commonin HIV-infected patients and because salmonellae have a propensity to adhere to endothelial cells, these patients are at risk of endocarditis and endarteritis. We report two cases of endocarditis d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical infectious diseases 1996-05, Vol.22 (5), p.853-855
Main Authors: Fernández Guerrero, Manuel L., Torres Perea, Rafael, Gómez Rodrigo, Javier, Núñez García, Antonio, Jusdado, Juan J., Ramos Rincón, José M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
AIDS
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - microbiology
AIDS/HIV
Bacteremia
Biological and medical sciences
Blood
Endocarditis
Endocarditis, Bacterial - complications
Endocarditis, Bacterial - microbiology
Fever
Heart murmurs
Heart Valve Prosthesis - adverse effects
Heart valves
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Immunodeficiencies
Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies
Immunopathology
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Mitral Valve Prolapse - complications
Salmonella
Salmonella enteritidis
Salmonella enteritidis - pathogenicity
Salmonella Infections - complications
Salmonella Infections - microbiology
Vegetation
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Summary:Endocarditis is not usually considered a complication of AIDS. Because salmonellal bacteremia is commonin HIV-infected patients and because salmonellae have a propensity to adhere to endothelial cells, these patients are at risk of endocarditis and endarteritis. We report two cases of endocarditis due to Salmonella enteritidis and review three previously reported cases. All five patients had underlying heart valve disease and developed fever, breakthrough or relapsing bacteremia, heart murmurs, and cardiac failure; four of five patients were older than 45 years. One patient died, but the other four were successfully treated with β-lactam agents alone or in combination with aminoglycosides or with ofloxacin (valve replacement was not required). As AIDS patients get older, the number of cases of endocarditis or endarteritis due to Salmonella species may increase, particularly in geographic areas where Salmonella species are prevalent.
ISSN:1058-4838
1537-6591
DOI:10.1093/clinids/22.5.853