rRNA TRANSCRIPTION AND GROWTH RATE-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF RIBOSOME SYNTHESIS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

The synthesis of ribosomal RNA is the rate-limiting step in ribosome synthesis in bacteria. There are multiple mechanisms that determine the rate of rRNA synthesis.Ribosomal RNA promoter sequences have evolved for exceptional strength and for regulation in response to nutritional conditions and amin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of microbiology 1996-01, Vol.50 (1), p.645-677
Main Authors: Gourse, Richard L, Gaal, Tamas, Bartlett, Michael S, Appleman, J. Alex, Ross, Wilma
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Bacteriology
Biological and medical sciences
DNA, Bacterial - chemistry
E coli
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli - genetics
Escherichia coli - growth & development
feedback
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Genetic aspects
Genetic regulation
Genetic transcription
Genetics
Guanosine Pentaphosphate - metabolism
Microbiology
Models, Genetic
Nucleic Acid Conformation
promoter
Promoter Regions, Genetic
regulation of gene expression
Ribonucleic acid
Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomes - metabolism
RNA
RNA polymerase
RNA, Ribosomal - biosynthesis
Terminator Regions, Genetic
transcription mechanisms
Transcription, Genetic
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Summary:The synthesis of ribosomal RNA is the rate-limiting step in ribosome synthesis in bacteria. There are multiple mechanisms that determine the rate of rRNA synthesis.Ribosomal RNA promoter sequences have evolved for exceptional strength and for regulation in response to nutritional conditions and amino acid availibility. Strength derives in part from an extended RNA polymerase (RNAP) recognition region involving at least two RNAP subunits, in part from activation by a transcription factor and in part from modification of the transcript by a system that prevents premature termination. Regulation derives from at least two mechanistically distinct systems, growth rate-dependent control and stringent control. The mechanisms contributing to rRNA transcription work together and compensate for one another when individual systems are rendered inoperative.
ISSN:0066-4227
1545-3251
DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.50.1.645