Factors affecting electrode-gel-skin interface impedance in electrical impedance tomography

The magnitude, mismatch and temporal variations of the electrode-gel-skin interface impedance can cause problems in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurement. It is shown that at the high frequencies generally encountered in EIT the capacitive properties of the electrode interface, and espec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Medical & biological engineering & computing 1996-11, Vol.34 (6), p.397-408
Main Authors: MCADAMS, E. T, JOSSINET, J, LACKERMEIER, A, RISACHER, F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Electric Impedance
Electrodes
Galvanic Skin Response
Gels
Humans
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous. Technology
Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry
Temperature
Tomography - methods
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Summary:The magnitude, mismatch and temporal variations of the electrode-gel-skin interface impedance can cause problems in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurement. It is shown that at the high frequencies generally encountered in EIT the capacitive properties of the electrode interface, and especially those of the skin, are of primary importance. A wide range of techniques are reviewed that could possibly be used to minimise these problems. These techniques include the use of skin preparation, penetration enhancers, temperature and electrical impulses. Although several of these techniques appear very attractive, they are not without serious potential drawbacks. A combination of some of these techniques may well hold the key to success.
ISSN:0140-0118
1741-0444
DOI:10.1007/bf02523842