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Quantifying canyon incision and Andean Plateau surface uplift, southwest Peru: A thermochronometer and numerical modeling approach
Apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages from Ocoña canyon at the western margin of the Central Andean plateau record rock cooling histories induced by a major phase of canyon incision. We quantify the timing and magnitude of incision by integrating previously published ages from the valley bottom with 19...
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Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research. B. Solid Earth 2009-12, Vol.114 (F4), p.n/a |
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description | Apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages from Ocoña canyon at the western margin of the Central Andean plateau record rock cooling histories induced by a major phase of canyon incision. We quantify the timing and magnitude of incision by integrating previously published ages from the valley bottom with 19 new sample ages from four valley wall transects. Interpretation of the incision history from cooling ages is complicated by a southwest to northeast increase in temperatures at the base of the crust due to subduction and volcanism. Furthermore, the large magnitude of incision leads to additional three‐dimensional variations in the thermal field. We address these complications with finite element thermal and thermochronometer age prediction models to quantify the range of topographic evolution scenarios consistent with observed cooling ages. Comparison of 275 model simulations to observed cooling ages and regional heat flow determinations identify a best fit history with ≤0.2 km of incision in the forearc region prior to ∼14 Ma and up to 3.0 km of incision starting between 7 and 11 Ma. Incision starting at 7 Ma requires incision to end by ∼5.5 to 6 Ma. However, a 2.2 Ma age on a volcanic flow on the current valley floor and 5 Ma gravels on the uplifted piedmont surface together suggest that incision ended during the time span between 2.2 and 5 Ma. These additional constraints for incision end time lead to a range of best fit incision onset times between 8 and 11 Ma, which must coincide with or postdate surface uplift. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2009JF001305 |
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We quantify the timing and magnitude of incision by integrating previously published ages from the valley bottom with 19 new sample ages from four valley wall transects. Interpretation of the incision history from cooling ages is complicated by a southwest to northeast increase in temperatures at the base of the crust due to subduction and volcanism. Furthermore, the large magnitude of incision leads to additional three‐dimensional variations in the thermal field. We address these complications with finite element thermal and thermochronometer age prediction models to quantify the range of topographic evolution scenarios consistent with observed cooling ages. Comparison of 275 model simulations to observed cooling ages and regional heat flow determinations identify a best fit history with ≤0.2 km of incision in the forearc region prior to ∼14 Ma and up to 3.0 km of incision starting between 7 and 11 Ma. Incision starting at 7 Ma requires incision to end by ∼5.5 to 6 Ma. However, a 2.2 Ma age on a volcanic flow on the current valley floor and 5 Ma gravels on the uplifted piedmont surface together suggest that incision ended during the time span between 2.2 and 5 Ma. These additional constraints for incision end time lead to a range of best fit incision onset times between 8 and 11 Ma, which must coincide with or postdate surface uplift.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0148-0227</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9003</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2156-2202</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9011</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2009JF001305</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Age ; Canyons ; Cooling ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Exact sciences and technology ; Geological time ; Geophysics ; Heat flow ; Hydrology ; incision ; Mathematical models ; numerical modeling ; Plate tectonics ; Prediction models ; Rock ; Southwest ; thermochronology ; Valleys</subject><ispartof>Journal of Geophysical Research. B. Solid Earth, 2009-12, Vol.114 (F4), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright 2009 by American Geophysical Union</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4962-7883b54f5afcd66ac4c9b330589988b3c03b97a1def8994fff8a38fedce664263</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4962-7883b54f5afcd66ac4c9b330589988b3c03b97a1def8994fff8a38fedce664263</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2009JF001305$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2009JF001305$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,11514,27924,27925,46468,46892</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22390095$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schildgen, Taylor F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ehlers, Todd A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whipp Jr, David M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Soest, Matthijs C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whipple, Kelin X.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hodges, Kip V.</creatorcontrib><title>Quantifying canyon incision and Andean Plateau surface uplift, southwest Peru: A thermochronometer and numerical modeling approach</title><title>Journal of Geophysical Research. B. Solid Earth</title><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res</addtitle><description>Apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages from Ocoña canyon at the western margin of the Central Andean plateau record rock cooling histories induced by a major phase of canyon incision. We quantify the timing and magnitude of incision by integrating previously published ages from the valley bottom with 19 new sample ages from four valley wall transects. Interpretation of the incision history from cooling ages is complicated by a southwest to northeast increase in temperatures at the base of the crust due to subduction and volcanism. Furthermore, the large magnitude of incision leads to additional three‐dimensional variations in the thermal field. We address these complications with finite element thermal and thermochronometer age prediction models to quantify the range of topographic evolution scenarios consistent with observed cooling ages. Comparison of 275 model simulations to observed cooling ages and regional heat flow determinations identify a best fit history with ≤0.2 km of incision in the forearc region prior to ∼14 Ma and up to 3.0 km of incision starting between 7 and 11 Ma. Incision starting at 7 Ma requires incision to end by ∼5.5 to 6 Ma. However, a 2.2 Ma age on a volcanic flow on the current valley floor and 5 Ma gravels on the uplifted piedmont surface together suggest that incision ended during the time span between 2.2 and 5 Ma. These additional constraints for incision end time lead to a range of best fit incision onset times between 8 and 11 Ma, which must coincide with or postdate surface uplift.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Canyons</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Geological time</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Heat flow</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>incision</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>numerical modeling</subject><subject>Plate tectonics</subject><subject>Prediction models</subject><subject>Rock</subject><subject>Southwest</subject><subject>thermochronology</subject><subject>Valleys</subject><issn>0148-0227</issn><issn>2169-9003</issn><issn>2156-2202</issn><issn>2169-9011</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kUtvEzEUhUcIJKLSHT_AQgI2HfBrPDa7KJBAVUGLQGFn3Xhs4jJjB3tGJVt-OQ6pKsSi3tiyvnPu41TVU4JfEUzVa4qxOl9iTBhuHlQzShpRU4rpw2qGCZc1prR9XJ3mfI3L4Y3gmMyq31cThNG7vQ_fkYGwjwH5YHz25QGhQ_PQWQjosofRwoTylBwYi6Zd7914hnKcxu2NzSO6tGl6g-Zo3No0RLNNMcTBjjb9tQnTYJM30KMhdrY_VIPdLkUw2yfVIwd9tqe390n1dfnuy-J9ffFp9WExv6iBK0HrVkq2abhrwJlOCDDcqA0rw0qlpNwwg9lGtUA668oPd85JYNLZzlghOBXspHp59C1lf06lZT34bGzfQ7BxyrqVLRZU0aaQL-4lmeCEq-Zg-ew_8DpOKZQptBSEYMFaXqCzI2RSzDlZp3fJD5D2mmB9iE7_G13Bn996Qi77cgkOcdxpKGWq4AeOHLkb39v9vZ76fPV5WXZQNPVR4_Nof91pIP3QomVto9cfV3p99ZZ-W5OFluwPOmO3Cg</recordid><startdate>200912</startdate><enddate>200912</enddate><creator>Schildgen, Taylor F.</creator><creator>Ehlers, Todd A.</creator><creator>Whipp Jr, David M.</creator><creator>van Soest, Matthijs C.</creator><creator>Whipple, Kelin X.</creator><creator>Hodges, Kip V.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>American Geophysical Union</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7SM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200912</creationdate><title>Quantifying canyon incision and Andean Plateau surface uplift, southwest Peru: A thermochronometer and numerical modeling approach</title><author>Schildgen, Taylor F. ; 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B. Solid Earth</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schildgen, Taylor F.</au><au>Ehlers, Todd A.</au><au>Whipp Jr, David M.</au><au>van Soest, Matthijs C.</au><au>Whipple, Kelin X.</au><au>Hodges, Kip V.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantifying canyon incision and Andean Plateau surface uplift, southwest Peru: A thermochronometer and numerical modeling approach</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Geophysical Research. B. Solid Earth</jtitle><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res</addtitle><date>2009-12</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>114</volume><issue>F4</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0148-0227</issn><issn>2169-9003</issn><eissn>2156-2202</eissn><eissn>2169-9011</eissn><abstract>Apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages from Ocoña canyon at the western margin of the Central Andean plateau record rock cooling histories induced by a major phase of canyon incision. We quantify the timing and magnitude of incision by integrating previously published ages from the valley bottom with 19 new sample ages from four valley wall transects. Interpretation of the incision history from cooling ages is complicated by a southwest to northeast increase in temperatures at the base of the crust due to subduction and volcanism. Furthermore, the large magnitude of incision leads to additional three‐dimensional variations in the thermal field. We address these complications with finite element thermal and thermochronometer age prediction models to quantify the range of topographic evolution scenarios consistent with observed cooling ages. Comparison of 275 model simulations to observed cooling ages and regional heat flow determinations identify a best fit history with ≤0.2 km of incision in the forearc region prior to ∼14 Ma and up to 3.0 km of incision starting between 7 and 11 Ma. Incision starting at 7 Ma requires incision to end by ∼5.5 to 6 Ma. However, a 2.2 Ma age on a volcanic flow on the current valley floor and 5 Ma gravels on the uplifted piedmont surface together suggest that incision ended during the time span between 2.2 and 5 Ma. These additional constraints for incision end time lead to a range of best fit incision onset times between 8 and 11 Ma, which must coincide with or postdate surface uplift.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2009JF001305</doi><tpages>22</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Age Canyons Cooling Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Geological time Geophysics Heat flow Hydrology incision Mathematical models numerical modeling Plate tectonics Prediction models Rock Southwest thermochronology Valleys |
title | Quantifying canyon incision and Andean Plateau surface uplift, southwest Peru: A thermochronometer and numerical modeling approach |
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