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Quantifying canyon incision and Andean Plateau surface uplift, southwest Peru: A thermochronometer and numerical modeling approach

Apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages from Ocoña canyon at the western margin of the Central Andean plateau record rock cooling histories induced by a major phase of canyon incision. We quantify the timing and magnitude of incision by integrating previously published ages from the valley bottom with 19...

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Published in:Journal of Geophysical Research. B. Solid Earth 2009-12, Vol.114 (F4), p.n/a
Main Authors: Schildgen, Taylor F., Ehlers, Todd A., Whipp Jr, David M., van Soest, Matthijs C., Whipple, Kelin X., Hodges, Kip V.
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a4962-7883b54f5afcd66ac4c9b330589988b3c03b97a1def8994fff8a38fedce664263
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container_title Journal of Geophysical Research. B. Solid Earth
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description Apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages from Ocoña canyon at the western margin of the Central Andean plateau record rock cooling histories induced by a major phase of canyon incision. We quantify the timing and magnitude of incision by integrating previously published ages from the valley bottom with 19 new sample ages from four valley wall transects. Interpretation of the incision history from cooling ages is complicated by a southwest to northeast increase in temperatures at the base of the crust due to subduction and volcanism. Furthermore, the large magnitude of incision leads to additional three‐dimensional variations in the thermal field. We address these complications with finite element thermal and thermochronometer age prediction models to quantify the range of topographic evolution scenarios consistent with observed cooling ages. Comparison of 275 model simulations to observed cooling ages and regional heat flow determinations identify a best fit history with ≤0.2 km of incision in the forearc region prior to ∼14 Ma and up to 3.0 km of incision starting between 7 and 11 Ma. Incision starting at 7 Ma requires incision to end by ∼5.5 to 6 Ma. However, a 2.2 Ma age on a volcanic flow on the current valley floor and 5 Ma gravels on the uplifted piedmont surface together suggest that incision ended during the time span between 2.2 and 5 Ma. These additional constraints for incision end time lead to a range of best fit incision onset times between 8 and 11 Ma, which must coincide with or postdate surface uplift.
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source Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection; Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Archive
subjects Age
Canyons
Cooling
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
Geological time
Geophysics
Heat flow
Hydrology
incision
Mathematical models
numerical modeling
Plate tectonics
Prediction models
Rock
Southwest
thermochronology
Valleys
title Quantifying canyon incision and Andean Plateau surface uplift, southwest Peru: A thermochronometer and numerical modeling approach
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