Termination Rate Coefficients for Radical Homopolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene at Low Conversion

• Published in: Macromolecular chemistry and physics 2010-03, Vol.211 (5), p.563-579
• Main Authors: Taylor, David R., van Berkel, Kim Y., Alghamdi, Majed M., Russell, Gregory T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chains; Conversion; Ethylbenzene; Gravimetric analysis; Initiators; kinetics (polym.); methyl methacrylate; Monomers; Polymethyl methacrylate; Polymethyl methacrylates; Qualitative analysis; radical polymerization; Radicals; Solvents; styrene; Styrenes; termination
• ISSN: 1022-1352; 1521-3935
• DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900668

A comprehensive and systematic study of overall termination rate coefficients, kt, in low‐conversion radical (homo)polymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene is presented. Values of kt were determined by gravimetric analysis of steady‐state experiments, employing 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile as initiator. The values delivered by this simple method were found to be in qualitative and quantitative agreement with those from more modern and sophisticated techniques for measuring kt. Accordingly, correlations for bulk, low‐conversion kt as a function of temperature are given for each monomer. The effects of initiator concentration, cI, and temperature on bulk kt were studied in a controlled way for both monomers. Additionally, ethyl benzene was used as solvent in order to investigate rigorously the effect of monomer concentration, cM, on styrene kt. The trends found by these systematic studies were considered in the light of what is known about the chain‐length dependence of termination. Styrene's behavior was always found to be qualitatively in accord with expectation, although the variations of kt with cI and cM were not as strong as should be the case. However its activation energy, 15 kJ · mol−1, is shown to be almost perfectly in agreement with theory. Methyl methacrylate, on the other hand, is recalcitrant in that its overall kt does not make manifest the chain‐length dependent termination that has been directly measured by other techniques. Possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed, as are reasons for the difference in values between kt for the two monomers. On the latter topic it is concluded likely that the chain‐length dependence of termination at short chain lengths is primarily responsible for styrene having kt that is higher by a factor of about 3, with there also being a contribution that arises from styrene's slower propagation. Overall termination rate coefficients for radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene are measured over a wide range of conditions – involving variation of temperature, initiator concentration and solvent level – and are then examined in the light of recent advances in knowledge about chain‐length‐dependent termination.