Waveguide Raman spectroscopy of sol-gel Gd2O3 thin films

Gadolinium oxide films, prepared by the sol–gel process, present waveguiding properties. Their structures were studied by waveguide Raman spectroscopy (WRS) and confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structural evolution of the layers with annealing temperatures from 650 up to 9...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Raman spectroscopy 2003-03, Vol.34 (3), p.234-239
Main Authors: Le Luyer, C., García-Murillo, A., Bernstein, E., Mugnier, J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Crystallites
Crystallization
Evolution
Gd2O3
Grain size
Raman spectroscopy
Sol gel process
sol-gel
thin films
Transmission electron microscopy
waveguide Raman spectroscopy
Waveguides
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Description
Summary:Gadolinium oxide films, prepared by the sol–gel process, present waveguiding properties. Their structures were studied by waveguide Raman spectroscopy (WRS) and confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structural evolution of the layers with annealing temperatures from 650 up to 900°C was investigated. The WRS results and TEM observations were correlated and revealed that crystallization started at 650°C into the cubic phase. The mean diameter of the crystallites dispersed in the amorphous phase is around 5 nm at this temperature. The film is totally crystallized into the cubic phase at 700°C. The monoclinic phase simultaneously appears at 800°C and both phases still co‐exist after heat treatment at 900°C. The films present a heterogeneous structure at 900°C with grain sizes varying from 5 up to 50 nm and as consequence their waveguiding properties strongly decrease. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ISSN:0377-0486
1097-4555
DOI:10.1002/jrs.980