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The composition of unrecorded alcohol from eastern Ukraine: Is there a toxicological concern beyond ethanol alone?
In 2005, approximately half of all alcohol consumption in Ukraine was unrecorded. This paper investigates the chemical composition of unrecorded and low-cost alcohol, including a toxicological evaluation. A sample of alcohol products (n=78) from both recorded and unrecorded sources was obtained main...
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| Published in: | Food and chemical toxicology 2010-10, Vol.48 (10), p.2842-2847 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-4739181390e6d1879291bfffaec79e5e2b159efdc83de692252ea7a467aa4ab3 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-4739181390e6d1879291bfffaec79e5e2b159efdc83de692252ea7a467aa4ab3 |
| container_end_page | 2847 |
| container_issue | 10 |
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| container_title | Food and chemical toxicology |
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| creator | Lachenmeier, Dirk W. Samokhvalov, Andriy V. Leitz, Jenny Schoeberl, Kerstin Kuballa, Thomas Linskiy, Igor V. Minko, Oleksandr I. Rehm, Jürgen |
| description | In 2005, approximately half of all alcohol consumption in Ukraine was unrecorded. This paper investigates the chemical composition of unrecorded and low-cost alcohol, including a toxicological evaluation.
A sample of alcohol products (n=78) from both recorded and unrecorded sources was obtained mainly from eastern Ukraine, and chemically analyzed. Analysis entailed alcoholic strength, levels of volatile compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols), ethyl carbamate, anions, and inorganic elements.
The majority of unrecorded alcohol was homemade samohon with alcoholic strength averaging close to 40% vol. A limited number of samples, advertised for medicinal purposes, were identified with high alcoholic strengths (above 60% vol.). Single samples showed contamination with acetaldehyde and ethyl carbamate above the levels of toxicological concern. Metal contamination was frequent, with copper levels above 2mg/l in 33 samples, and zinc above 5mg/l in 10 samples. Overall, however, the composition of unrecorded samples did not raise major public health concerns other those for ethanol.
The priority of alcohol policy in Ukraine should be the general reduction of alcohol consumption with a specific focus on that from small-scale home production. Further research is needed on potential mitigative measures and the origin of the metal contamination in particular alcoholic beverages. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.016 |
| format | article |
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A sample of alcohol products (n=78) from both recorded and unrecorded sources was obtained mainly from eastern Ukraine, and chemically analyzed. Analysis entailed alcoholic strength, levels of volatile compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols), ethyl carbamate, anions, and inorganic elements.
The majority of unrecorded alcohol was homemade samohon with alcoholic strength averaging close to 40% vol. A limited number of samples, advertised for medicinal purposes, were identified with high alcoholic strengths (above 60% vol.). Single samples showed contamination with acetaldehyde and ethyl carbamate above the levels of toxicological concern. Metal contamination was frequent, with copper levels above 2mg/l in 33 samples, and zinc above 5mg/l in 10 samples. Overall, however, the composition of unrecorded samples did not raise major public health concerns other those for ethanol.
The priority of alcohol policy in Ukraine should be the general reduction of alcohol consumption with a specific focus on that from small-scale home production. Further research is needed on potential mitigative measures and the origin of the metal contamination in particular alcoholic beverages.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-6915</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6351</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.016</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20638436</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FCTOD7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Acetaldehyde ; Alcohol ; Alcohol poisoning ; Alcoholic Beverages - analysis ; Alcoholic Beverages - toxicity ; Alcoholism and acute alcohol poisoning ; Alcohols ; Biological and medical sciences ; Central Nervous System Depressants - analysis ; Contamination ; Ethanol ; Ethanol - analysis ; Ethyl alcohol ; Ethyl carbamate ; Flame Ionization ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Medical sciences ; Metals - analysis ; Methyl alcohol ; Product quality ; Public Health ; Risk assessment ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Strength ; Toxicology ; Ukraine ; Unrecorded alcohol ; Urethane - analysis ; Water - analysis ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Food and chemical toxicology, 2010-10, Vol.48 (10), p.2842-2847</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-4739181390e6d1879291bfffaec79e5e2b159efdc83de692252ea7a467aa4ab3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-4739181390e6d1879291bfffaec79e5e2b159efdc83de692252ea7a467aa4ab3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23325011$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20638436$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lachenmeier, Dirk W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samokhvalov, Andriy V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leitz, Jenny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schoeberl, Kerstin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuballa, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Linskiy, Igor V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Minko, Oleksandr I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rehm, Jürgen</creatorcontrib><title>The composition of unrecorded alcohol from eastern Ukraine: Is there a toxicological concern beyond ethanol alone?</title><title>Food and chemical toxicology</title><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><description>In 2005, approximately half of all alcohol consumption in Ukraine was unrecorded. This paper investigates the chemical composition of unrecorded and low-cost alcohol, including a toxicological evaluation.
A sample of alcohol products (n=78) from both recorded and unrecorded sources was obtained mainly from eastern Ukraine, and chemically analyzed. Analysis entailed alcoholic strength, levels of volatile compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols), ethyl carbamate, anions, and inorganic elements.
The majority of unrecorded alcohol was homemade samohon with alcoholic strength averaging close to 40% vol. A limited number of samples, advertised for medicinal purposes, were identified with high alcoholic strengths (above 60% vol.). Single samples showed contamination with acetaldehyde and ethyl carbamate above the levels of toxicological concern. Metal contamination was frequent, with copper levels above 2mg/l in 33 samples, and zinc above 5mg/l in 10 samples. Overall, however, the composition of unrecorded samples did not raise major public health concerns other those for ethanol.
The priority of alcohol policy in Ukraine should be the general reduction of alcohol consumption with a specific focus on that from small-scale home production. Further research is needed on potential mitigative measures and the origin of the metal contamination in particular alcoholic beverages.</description><subject>Acetaldehyde</subject><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Alcohol poisoning</subject><subject>Alcoholic Beverages - analysis</subject><subject>Alcoholic Beverages - toxicity</subject><subject>Alcoholism and acute alcohol poisoning</subject><subject>Alcohols</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Central Nervous System Depressants - analysis</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Ethanol - analysis</subject><subject>Ethyl alcohol</subject><subject>Ethyl carbamate</subject><subject>Flame Ionization</subject><subject>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metals - analysis</subject><subject>Methyl alcohol</subject><subject>Product quality</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Spectrophotometry, Atomic</subject><subject>Strength</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Ukraine</subject><subject>Unrecorded alcohol</subject><subject>Urethane - analysis</subject><subject>Water - analysis</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>0278-6915</issn><issn>1873-6351</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc2OFCEURonROD2jD-DGsDG6qZafAgpdGDMZdZJJ3LRrQlEXm7YKWqCN8_bS6VZ3syLcnPsFvoPQC0rWlFD5drf2rq4ZaXei1m3yCK3ooHgnuaCP0YowNXRSU3GBLkvZEUIUVfIpumBE8qHncoXyZgvYpWWfSqghRZw8PsQMLuUJJmxnl7Zpxj6nBYMtFXLE335kGyK8w7cF1y1kwBbX9Du4NKfvwdm5BUZ3JEe4T3HCULc2thQ7pwgfnqEn3s4Fnp_PK7T5dLO5_tLdff18e_3xrnN9r2rXK67pQLkmIKf2K800Hb33FpzSIICNVGjwkxv4BFIzJhhYZXuprO3tyK_Q61PsPqefByjVLKE4mGcbIR2KUYNiQkitG_nmQZJKRQWlgxQNpSfU5VRKBm_2OSw23xtKzNGJ2ZnmxBydGKJMm7Sdl-f4w7jA9G_jr4QGvDoDtrT2fLbRhfKf45wJQmnj3p84aK39CpBNcQFa01NowqqZUnjgGX8AkR6qbw</recordid><startdate>20101001</startdate><enddate>20101001</enddate><creator>Lachenmeier, Dirk W.</creator><creator>Samokhvalov, Andriy V.</creator><creator>Leitz, Jenny</creator><creator>Schoeberl, Kerstin</creator><creator>Kuballa, Thomas</creator><creator>Linskiy, Igor V.</creator><creator>Minko, Oleksandr I.</creator><creator>Rehm, Jürgen</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20101001</creationdate><title>The composition of unrecorded alcohol from eastern Ukraine: Is there a toxicological concern beyond ethanol alone?</title><author>Lachenmeier, Dirk W. ; Samokhvalov, Andriy V. ; Leitz, Jenny ; Schoeberl, Kerstin ; Kuballa, Thomas ; Linskiy, Igor V. ; Minko, Oleksandr I. ; Rehm, Jürgen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-4739181390e6d1879291bfffaec79e5e2b159efdc83de692252ea7a467aa4ab3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Acetaldehyde</topic><topic>Alcohol</topic><topic>Alcohol poisoning</topic><topic>Alcoholic Beverages - analysis</topic><topic>Alcoholic Beverages - toxicity</topic><topic>Alcoholism and acute alcohol poisoning</topic><topic>Alcohols</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Central Nervous System Depressants - analysis</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Ethanol - analysis</topic><topic>Ethyl alcohol</topic><topic>Ethyl carbamate</topic><topic>Flame Ionization</topic><topic>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metals - analysis</topic><topic>Methyl alcohol</topic><topic>Product quality</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Spectrophotometry, Atomic</topic><topic>Strength</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Ukraine</topic><topic>Unrecorded alcohol</topic><topic>Urethane - analysis</topic><topic>Water - analysis</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lachenmeier, Dirk W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samokhvalov, Andriy V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leitz, Jenny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schoeberl, Kerstin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuballa, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Linskiy, Igor V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Minko, Oleksandr I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rehm, Jürgen</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lachenmeier, Dirk W.</au><au>Samokhvalov, Andriy V.</au><au>Leitz, Jenny</au><au>Schoeberl, Kerstin</au><au>Kuballa, Thomas</au><au>Linskiy, Igor V.</au><au>Minko, Oleksandr I.</au><au>Rehm, Jürgen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The composition of unrecorded alcohol from eastern Ukraine: Is there a toxicological concern beyond ethanol alone?</atitle><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><date>2010-10-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2842</spage><epage>2847</epage><pages>2842-2847</pages><issn>0278-6915</issn><eissn>1873-6351</eissn><coden>FCTOD7</coden><abstract>In 2005, approximately half of all alcohol consumption in Ukraine was unrecorded. This paper investigates the chemical composition of unrecorded and low-cost alcohol, including a toxicological evaluation.
A sample of alcohol products (n=78) from both recorded and unrecorded sources was obtained mainly from eastern Ukraine, and chemically analyzed. Analysis entailed alcoholic strength, levels of volatile compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols), ethyl carbamate, anions, and inorganic elements.
The majority of unrecorded alcohol was homemade samohon with alcoholic strength averaging close to 40% vol. A limited number of samples, advertised for medicinal purposes, were identified with high alcoholic strengths (above 60% vol.). Single samples showed contamination with acetaldehyde and ethyl carbamate above the levels of toxicological concern. Metal contamination was frequent, with copper levels above 2mg/l in 33 samples, and zinc above 5mg/l in 10 samples. Overall, however, the composition of unrecorded samples did not raise major public health concerns other those for ethanol.
The priority of alcohol policy in Ukraine should be the general reduction of alcohol consumption with a specific focus on that from small-scale home production. Further research is needed on potential mitigative measures and the origin of the metal contamination in particular alcoholic beverages.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>20638436</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.016</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Food and chemical toxicology, 2010-10, Vol.48 (10), p.2842-2847 |
| issn | 0278-6915 1873-6351 |
| language | eng |
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| source | ScienceDirect Freedom Collection 2022-2024 |
| subjects | Acetaldehyde Alcohol Alcohol poisoning Alcoholic Beverages - analysis Alcoholic Beverages - toxicity Alcoholism and acute alcohol poisoning Alcohols Biological and medical sciences Central Nervous System Depressants - analysis Contamination Ethanol Ethanol - analysis Ethyl alcohol Ethyl carbamate Flame Ionization Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Medical sciences Metals - analysis Methyl alcohol Product quality Public Health Risk assessment Spectrophotometry, Atomic Strength Toxicology Ukraine Unrecorded alcohol Urethane - analysis Water - analysis Zinc |
| title | The composition of unrecorded alcohol from eastern Ukraine: Is there a toxicological concern beyond ethanol alone? |
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