Recurrent chlamydial infections increase the risks of hospitalization for ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease

OBJECTIVE: We examined whether the risks of hospitalization for ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease increase with increasing numbers of chlamydial infections. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort design was used to evaluate the risks of hospitalization for ectopic pregnancy or pelvic i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 1997-01, Vol.176 (1), p.103-107
Main Authors: Hillis, S.D., Owens, L.M., Marchbanks, P.A., Amsterdam, L.E., Mac Kenzie, W.R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Chlamydia Infections - complications
Chlamydia Infections - epidemiology
Chlamydia trachomatis
Cohort Studies
Confidence Intervals
ectopic pregnancy
Female
General aspects
Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data
Human infectious diseases. Experimental studies and models
Humans
Infectious diseases
Logistic Models
Medical sciences
Multivariate Analysis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Odds Ratio
pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - epidemiology
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - microbiology
Pregnancy
Pregnancy, Ectopic - epidemiology
Pregnancy, Ectopic - microbiology
Recurrence
recurrent infection
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
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Summary:OBJECTIVE: We examined whether the risks of hospitalization for ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease increase with increasing numbers of chlamydial infections. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort design was used to evaluate the risks of hospitalization for ectopic pregnancy or pelvic inflammatory among 11,000 Wisconsin women who had one or more chlamydial infections between 1985 and 1992. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the strength of association between recurrent infection and sequelae. RESULTS: After adjustment in multivariate analyses, we observed elevated risks of ectopic pregnancy among women who had had two (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 3.4) and three or more chlamydial infections (odds ratio 4.5, 95% confidence interval 1.8 to 5.3). These groups were also at increased risk for pelvic inflammatory (two infections: odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 9.9; three or more infections: odds ratio 6.4, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 18.4). CONCLUSIONS: A unique prevention opportunity occurs at the diagnosis of any chlamydial infection because women with subsequent recurrences are at increased risk for reproductive sequelae.
ISSN:0002-9378
1097-6868
DOI:10.1016/S0002-9378(97)80020-8