Landscape ecology of arboviruses in southeastern California : Temporal and spatial patterns of enzootic activity in Imperial Valley, 1991-1994

Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses were detected in the Imperial Valley during the summers of 1991-1994 by isolation from the primary vector, Culex tarsalis Coquillett, and by the seroconversion of sentinel chickens. Enzootic transmission consistently was...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical entomology 1997-03, Vol.34 (2), p.179-188
Main Authors: REISEN, W. K, LOTHROP, H. D, PRESSER, S. B, HARDY, J. L, GORDON, E. W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aedes - virology
alphavirus
Animals
arbovirus
Biological and medical sciences
Brackish
California
Cercopithecus aethiops
Chickens
Culex - virology
Culex tarsalis
Culicidae
Ecology
Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis - isolation & purification
Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine - isolation & purification
flavivirus
Freshwater
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control
St. Louis encephalitis virus
Vectors. Intermediate hosts
Vero Cells
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Summary:Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses were detected in the Imperial Valley during the summers of 1991-1994 by isolation from the primary vector, Culex tarsalis Coquillett, and by the seroconversion of sentinel chickens. Enzootic transmission consistently was not detected first each year at sampling sites near specific landscape features such as a heron rookery and other riparian habitats along the New River, sites along the Mexican border, or saline and freshwater marshes along the southern shore of the Salton Sea. Despite mild winter temperatures and the elevated vernal abundance of Cx. tarsalis, WEE and SLE activity was not detected until June or July, indicating considerable amplification may be necessary before detection by testing mosquito pools for virus infection or sentinel chicken sera for antibodies. Results did not permit the spatial focusing of early season control efforts or research on mechanisms of virus interseasonal persistence.
ISSN:0022-2585
1938-2928
DOI:10.1093/jmedent/34.2.179