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Duration of Tick Attachment as a Predictor of the Risk of Lyme Disease in an Area in which Lyme Disease Is Endemic
Animal studies have shown an exponential increase in the risk of Borrelia burgdorferi infection after 48–72 h of deer tick attachment. Persons with tick bites were prospectively studied to determine if those with prolonged tick attachment constitute a high-risk group for infection. Ticks were identi...
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| Published in: | The Journal of infectious diseases 1997-04, Vol.175 (4), p.996-999 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Language: | English |
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| container_end_page | 999 |
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | 996 |
| container_title | The Journal of infectious diseases |
| container_volume | 175 |
| creator | Sood, Sunil K. Salzman, Mark B. Johnson, Barbara J. B. Happ, Christine M. Feig, Kevin Carmody, Lillian Rubin, Lorry G. Hilton, Eileen Piesman, Joseph |
| description | Animal studies have shown an exponential increase in the risk of Borrelia burgdorferi infection after 48–72 h of deer tick attachment. Persons with tick bites were prospectively studied to determine if those with prolonged tick attachment constitute a high-risk group for infection. Ticks were identified, measured for engorgement, and assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B. burgdorferi DNA. Duration of attachment was determined from the scutal index of engorgement. Of 316 submissions, 229 were deer ticks; 14% were positive by PCR. Paired sera and an intact tick for determination of duration of attachment were available for 105 subjects (109 bites). There were 4 human cases (3.7% of bites) of B. burgdorferi infection. The incidence was significantly higher for duration of attachment ⩾72 h than for |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1086/514009 |
| format | article |
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B. ; Happ, Christine M. ; Feig, Kevin ; Carmody, Lillian ; Rubin, Lorry G. ; Hilton, Eileen ; Piesman, Joseph</creator><creatorcontrib>Sood, Sunil K. ; Salzman, Mark B. ; Johnson, Barbara J. B. ; Happ, Christine M. ; Feig, Kevin ; Carmody, Lillian ; Rubin, Lorry G. ; Hilton, Eileen ; Piesman, Joseph</creatorcontrib><description>Animal studies have shown an exponential increase in the risk of Borrelia burgdorferi infection after 48–72 h of deer tick attachment. Persons with tick bites were prospectively studied to determine if those with prolonged tick attachment constitute a high-risk group for infection. Ticks were identified, measured for engorgement, and assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B. burgdorferi DNA. Duration of attachment was determined from the scutal index of engorgement. Of 316 submissions, 229 were deer ticks; 14% were positive by PCR. Paired sera and an intact tick for determination of duration of attachment were available for 105 subjects (109 bites). There were 4 human cases (3.7% of bites) of B. burgdorferi infection. The incidence was significantly higher for duration of attachment ⩾72 h than for <72 h: 3 (20%) of 15 vs. 1 (1.1%) of 94 (P = .008; odds ratio, 23.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–242). PCR was an unreliable predictor of infection. Tick identification and measurement of engorgement can be used to identify a small, high-risk subset of persons who may benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-1899</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6613</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1086/514009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9086168</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JIDIAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press</publisher><subject>Animals ; Bacterial diseases ; Biological and medical sciences ; Borrelia burgdorferi ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group - isolation & purification ; Borrelia infections ; Concise Communications ; DNA, Bacterial - analysis ; Erythema ; Hematophagic engorgement ; Human bacterial diseases ; Humans ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Insect Vectors - microbiology ; Ixodes scapularis ; Ixodidae ; Lyme disease ; Lyme Disease - etiology ; Medical sciences ; Nymphs ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Preventive medicine ; Prospective Studies ; Risk ; Spirochaetales ; Ticks ; Ticks - microbiology ; Time Factors ; Tropical bacterial diseases</subject><ispartof>The Journal of infectious diseases, 1997-04, Vol.175 (4), p.996-999</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1997 University of Chicago</rights><rights>1997 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright University of Chicago, acting through its Press Apr 1997</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c548t-520260e25ff3c7dc40bb32b509767753a25a6cb8e1c2962a383f3c60fb8744b73</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2628180$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9086168$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sood, Sunil K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salzman, Mark B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Barbara J. B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Happ, Christine M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feig, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carmody, Lillian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rubin, Lorry G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilton, Eileen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piesman, Joseph</creatorcontrib><title>Duration of Tick Attachment as a Predictor of the Risk of Lyme Disease in an Area in which Lyme Disease Is Endemic</title><title>The Journal of infectious diseases</title><addtitle>J Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Animal studies have shown an exponential increase in the risk of Borrelia burgdorferi infection after 48–72 h of deer tick attachment. Persons with tick bites were prospectively studied to determine if those with prolonged tick attachment constitute a high-risk group for infection. Ticks were identified, measured for engorgement, and assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B. burgdorferi DNA. Duration of attachment was determined from the scutal index of engorgement. Of 316 submissions, 229 were deer ticks; 14% were positive by PCR. Paired sera and an intact tick for determination of duration of attachment were available for 105 subjects (109 bites). There were 4 human cases (3.7% of bites) of B. burgdorferi infection. The incidence was significantly higher for duration of attachment ⩾72 h than for <72 h: 3 (20%) of 15 vs. 1 (1.1%) of 94 (P = .008; odds ratio, 23.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–242). PCR was an unreliable predictor of infection. Tick identification and measurement of engorgement can be used to identify a small, high-risk subset of persons who may benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Borrelia burgdorferi</subject><subject>Borrelia burgdorferi Group - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Borrelia infections</subject><subject>Concise Communications</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - analysis</subject><subject>Erythema</subject><subject>Hematophagic engorgement</subject><subject>Human bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Insect Vectors - microbiology</subject><subject>Ixodes scapularis</subject><subject>Ixodidae</subject><subject>Lyme disease</subject><subject>Lyme Disease - etiology</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Nymphs</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Preventive medicine</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Spirochaetales</subject><subject>Ticks</subject><subject>Ticks - microbiology</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Tropical bacterial diseases</subject><issn>0022-1899</issn><issn>1537-6613</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkUtrGzEURkVoSZ1H_0FBlJLdtHo_lo6dxKEuCSGB0I3QyBos2zOTSBqa_PvMYOM-Nl3dC-fou4gPgI8YfcVIiW8cM4T0ARhhTmUhBKbvwAghQgqstP4AjlJaIYQYFfIQHOr-CRZqBOK0izaHtoFtBe-DW8NxztYta99kaBO08Db6RXC5jYORlx7ehbQe9vlr7eE0JG-Th6GBtoHj6O2w_loGt_xbuE7woln4OrgT8L6ym-RPd_MYPFxe3E9mxfzm6noynheOM5ULThARyBNeVdTJhWOoLCkpOdJSSMmpJdwKVyqPHdGCWKpoLwpUlUoyVkp6DM62uU-xfe58yqYOyfnNxja-7ZKRShNFmf6viLmWUpEh8fM_4qrtYtN_whBCNVaS_HHWxTal6CvzFENt46vByAxVmW1Vvfhpl9aVtV_stV03Pf-y4zY5u6mibVxIe40IorBCv2NWqS9pjynCRDMmel5seUjZv-y5jWsjJJXczB5_mvPvkx-KTs_NjL4Bkoqvbg</recordid><startdate>19970401</startdate><enddate>19970401</enddate><creator>Sood, Sunil K.</creator><creator>Salzman, Mark B.</creator><creator>Johnson, Barbara J. B.</creator><creator>Happ, Christine M.</creator><creator>Feig, Kevin</creator><creator>Carmody, Lillian</creator><creator>Rubin, Lorry G.</creator><creator>Hilton, Eileen</creator><creator>Piesman, Joseph</creator><general>The University of Chicago Press</general><general>University of Chicago Press</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19970401</creationdate><title>Duration of Tick Attachment as a Predictor of the Risk of Lyme Disease in an Area in which Lyme Disease Is Endemic</title><author>Sood, Sunil K. ; Salzman, Mark B. ; Johnson, Barbara J. B. ; Happ, Christine M. ; Feig, Kevin ; Carmody, Lillian ; Rubin, Lorry G. ; Hilton, Eileen ; Piesman, Joseph</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c548t-520260e25ff3c7dc40bb32b509767753a25a6cb8e1c2962a383f3c60fb8744b73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Borrelia burgdorferi</topic><topic>Borrelia burgdorferi Group - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Borrelia infections</topic><topic>Concise Communications</topic><topic>DNA, Bacterial - analysis</topic><topic>Erythema</topic><topic>Hematophagic engorgement</topic><topic>Human bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Insect Vectors - microbiology</topic><topic>Ixodes scapularis</topic><topic>Ixodidae</topic><topic>Lyme disease</topic><topic>Lyme Disease - etiology</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Nymphs</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Preventive medicine</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Spirochaetales</topic><topic>Ticks</topic><topic>Ticks - microbiology</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Tropical bacterial diseases</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sood, Sunil K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salzman, Mark B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Barbara J. B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Happ, Christine M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feig, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carmody, Lillian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rubin, Lorry G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilton, Eileen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piesman, Joseph</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sood, Sunil K.</au><au>Salzman, Mark B.</au><au>Johnson, Barbara J. B.</au><au>Happ, Christine M.</au><au>Feig, Kevin</au><au>Carmody, Lillian</au><au>Rubin, Lorry G.</au><au>Hilton, Eileen</au><au>Piesman, Joseph</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Duration of Tick Attachment as a Predictor of the Risk of Lyme Disease in an Area in which Lyme Disease Is Endemic</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>J Infect Dis</addtitle><date>1997-04-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>175</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>996</spage><epage>999</epage><pages>996-999</pages><issn>0022-1899</issn><eissn>1537-6613</eissn><coden>JIDIAQ</coden><abstract>Animal studies have shown an exponential increase in the risk of Borrelia burgdorferi infection after 48–72 h of deer tick attachment. Persons with tick bites were prospectively studied to determine if those with prolonged tick attachment constitute a high-risk group for infection. Ticks were identified, measured for engorgement, and assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B. burgdorferi DNA. Duration of attachment was determined from the scutal index of engorgement. Of 316 submissions, 229 were deer ticks; 14% were positive by PCR. Paired sera and an intact tick for determination of duration of attachment were available for 105 subjects (109 bites). There were 4 human cases (3.7% of bites) of B. burgdorferi infection. The incidence was significantly higher for duration of attachment ⩾72 h than for <72 h: 3 (20%) of 15 vs. 1 (1.1%) of 94 (P = .008; odds ratio, 23.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–242). PCR was an unreliable predictor of infection. Tick identification and measurement of engorgement can be used to identify a small, high-risk subset of persons who may benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis.</abstract><cop>Chicago, IL</cop><pub>The University of Chicago Press</pub><pmid>9086168</pmid><doi>10.1086/514009</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0022-1899 |
| ispartof | The Journal of infectious diseases, 1997-04, Vol.175 (4), p.996-999 |
| issn | 0022-1899 1537-6613 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_78928349 |
| source | Oxford Journals Online |
| subjects | Animals Bacterial diseases Biological and medical sciences Borrelia burgdorferi Borrelia burgdorferi Group - isolation & purification Borrelia infections Concise Communications DNA, Bacterial - analysis Erythema Hematophagic engorgement Human bacterial diseases Humans Infections Infectious diseases Insect Vectors - microbiology Ixodes scapularis Ixodidae Lyme disease Lyme Disease - etiology Medical sciences Nymphs Polymerase Chain Reaction Preventive medicine Prospective Studies Risk Spirochaetales Ticks Ticks - microbiology Time Factors Tropical bacterial diseases |
| title | Duration of Tick Attachment as a Predictor of the Risk of Lyme Disease in an Area in which Lyme Disease Is Endemic |
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