Difference in treatment of foot ulcerations in Boston, USA and Pisa, Italy

• Published in: Diabetes research and clinical practice 1997-02, Vol.35 (1), p.21-26
• Main Authors: Frykberg, Robert G., Piaggesi, Alberto, Donaghue, Valerie M., Schipani, Elena, Habershaw, Geoffrey M., Navalesi, Renzo, Veves, Aristidis
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Associated diseases and complications; Biological and medical sciences; Boston - epidemiology; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Diabetic Foot - etiology; Diabetic Foot - surgery; Diabetic Foot - therapy; Diabetic Neuropathies - pathology; Diabetic Neuropathies - physiopathology; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Female; Foot Ulcer - etiology; Foot Ulcer - surgery; Foot Ulcer - therapy; Hospitalization; Humans; Italy - epidemiology; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Podiatry; Ulcer; Wound Healing
• ISSN: 0168-8227; 1872-8227
• DOI: 10.1016/S0168-8227(96)01359-9

Primary care of the diabetic patient with foot ulcer can be provided by medically or surgically trained practitioners. We have prospectively followed 90 sequential patients with newly developed foot ulcers from two major centers, one in the USA where the primary doctor was a podiatrist and one in Europe with a diabetologist. Thirty-four patients from Boston and 56 from Pisa (mean age, 55.6; range, 26–75 years; vs. 66.5; range, 35–94; P < 0.001), matched for sex, weight, type, duration of diabetes, renal impairment and retinopathy took part. Boston patients had more severe neuropathy, assessed with clinical examination utilizing a neuropathy disability score (NDS) (16 ± 6 vs. 6 ± 3 (mean ± S.D.) P < 0.001) and vibration perception threshold (46 ± 8 vs. 35 ± 12 V; P < 0.001) while no difference existed in the number of patients with clinical infection, a history of lower extremity by-pass operation (6 (18%) vs. 3 (5%); P = NS) and in the size and the severity of the ulcer, according to the Wagner classification. Initial treatment was similar in both centers with emphasis on outpatient ulcer debridement, pressure relieving foot-wear and topical wound care. Hospitalization was needed in five (15%) Boston and 12 (21%) Pisa patients ( P = NS) while surgery was performed on five (15%) Boston and 16 (29%) Pisa patients ( P = NS). The in-hospital stay was similar in both centers (1.4 ± 4.4 vs. 2.1 ± 5.9 days; P = NS). The most common operations in both centers were incision, drainage and bone debridement. Ulcers healed in all patients but the amount of healing time was shorter in Boston patients (6.7 ± 4.2 vs. 10.5 ± 6.5 weeks; P < 0.02). We conclude that despite the differences in the two systems similar success rates were achieved in the two centers while a more surgically oriented strategy may have resulted in a slightly shorter healing time.