Arch width changes from 6 weeks to 45 years of age

• Published in: American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics 1997-04, Vol.111 (4), p.401-409
• Main Authors: Bishara, Samir E., Ortho, D, Jakobsen, Jane R., Treder, Jean, Nowak, Arthur
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Arch - growth & development; Dentistry; Female; Humans; Infant; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Maxillofacial Development; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Characteristics
• ISSN: 0889-5406; 1097-6752
• DOI: 10.1016/S0889-5406(97)80022-4

The purpose of this study was to evaluate on a longitudinal basis, the changes in intercanine and intermolar widths over a 45-year span. The subjects in this study were from two pools of normal persons: (1) 28 male and 33 female infants evaluated longitudinally at approximately 6 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years of age (before the complete eruption of the deciduous dentition); and (2) 15 male and 15 female subjects from the Iowa facial growth study evaluated at ages 3, 5, 8, 13, 26 and 45. Arch width measurements on maxillary and mandibular dental casts were obtained independently by two investigators. Intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability were predetermined at 0.5 mm. From the findings in the current study, the following conclusions can be made: (1) Between 6 weeks and 2 years of age, i.e., before the complete eruption of the deciduous dentition, there were significant increases in the maxillary and mandibular anterior and posterior arch widths in both male and female infants. (2) Intercanine and intermolar widths significantly increased between 3 and 13 years of age in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. After the complete eruption of the permanent dentition, there was a slight decrease in the dental arch widths, more in the intercanine than in the intermolar widths. (3) Mandibular intercanine width, on the average, was established by 8 years of age, i.e., after the eruption of the four incisors. After the eruption of the permanent dentition, the clinician should either expect no changes or a slight decrease in arch widths. In conclusion, although the dental arch widths undergo changes from birth until midadulthood, the magnitude as well as the direction of these changes do not provide a scientific basis for expanding the arches, in the average patient, beyond its established dimensions at the time of the complete eruption of the canines and molars. Both patients and clinicians should be aware of these limitations.