Anthrax post-vaccinal cell-mediated immunity in humans: kinetics pattern

Seven groups (2596 subjects) were vaccinated with a human live anthrax vaccine (HLAV) by three different routes (scarification, subcutaneous and aerosol). The vaccinees were tested for anthrax cell-mediated immunity using the “Anthraxin” skin test at 7, 15, 30, 90, 180 and 365 days following vaccina...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccine 1997-04, Vol.15 (6), p.631-636
Main Authors: Shlyakhov, Elie, Rubinstein, Ethan, Novikov, Ilya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
anthrax
Anthraxin test
Antigens, Bacterial - immunology
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis - immunology
Bacterial Toxins - immunology
Bacterial Vaccines - immunology
Bacteriology
Biological and medical sciences
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
human vaccination
Humans
Immunity, Cellular
Kinetics
Male
Microbiology
Middle Aged
Skin Tests
Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies
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Summary:Seven groups (2596 subjects) were vaccinated with a human live anthrax vaccine (HLAV) by three different routes (scarification, subcutaneous and aerosol). The vaccinees were tested for anthrax cell-mediated immunity using the “Anthraxin” skin test at 7, 15, 30, 90, 180 and 365 days following vaccination. The kinetic pattern, obtained from all groups, shows a significant, five-phased curve: phase I (2–6 days post-vaccination) shows a slow increase in positive Anthraxin skin reactions. Phase II (7–15 days post-vaccination) shows an exponential rise to a maximum at day 15. Phase III (16–30 days post-vaccination) shows a decrease to day 30. Phase IV (31–90 days post-vaccination) leads to a relative restoration of the positive skin reactions. During phase V (91–365 days post-vaccination) there is a continuous decrease in positive Anthraxin skin reactions. The loss of the skin test reaction on day 30 is a characteristic feature of post-vaccination anthrax cell-mediated immunity. It may be due to a blockade of macrophages by lethal anthrax toxin released by the multiplying vaccine strain. Epidemiological observations of HLAV protective rates correlate with the phases of the skin reaction kinetics.
ISSN:0264-410X
1873-2518
DOI:10.1016/S0264-410X(96)00286-1