The Effect of Diarrhea on Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Failure in Brazil

The effect of diarrhea on oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) failure was evaluated using data from Brazil, where 728 infants were immunized at birth (OPV1) and ∼6 (OPV2), 10 (OPV3), and 14 (OPV4) weeks. Recent diarrhea history was significantly associated with increased vaccine failure only after OPV2 fo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 1997-02, Vol.175 (Supplement-1), p.S258-S263
Main Authors: Posey, Drew L., Linkins, Robert W., Oliveria, M. J. Couto, Monteiro, Domicina, Patriarca, Peter A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Brazil
Diarrhea
Diarrhea, Infantile - complications
Dosage
Humans
Immunization
Infant, Newborn
Infants
Multivariate Analysis
Oral poliovirus vaccine
Polio
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis - immunology
Poliomyelitis - prevention & control
poliovirus
Poliovirus - immunology
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral - immunology
Poliovirus Vaccines
Recommendations
Treatment Failure
Vaccination
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Summary:The effect of diarrhea on oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) failure was evaluated using data from Brazil, where 728 infants were immunized at birth (OPV1) and ∼6 (OPV2), 10 (OPV3), and 14 (OPV4) weeks. Recent diarrhea history was significantly associated with increased vaccine failure only after OPV2 for poliovirus types 2 and 3. In multivariate models, controlling for breast feeding, season of vaccine administration (type 3 only), maternal antibody (type 3 only), and immunization campaign exposure (type 3 only) strengthened this effect. Diarrhea at OPV receipt was associated with vaccine failure to poliovirus types 1 and 3 only after OPV2. These data support the current recommendation that children with diarrhea receive OPV and be reimmunized once their illness resolves. Expanding this recommendation to include children with a recent diarrhea history should be considered. While the effect of diarrhea on vaccine failure may be limited to OPV2, programmatic realities may preclude dose-specific recommendations.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/175.Supplement_1.S258