Adenosine and Adenosine Receptors in the Cardiovascular System: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pharmacology

Cardiomyocytes and vascular cells readily form, transport, and metabolize the endogenous adenine nucleoside adenosine and act to regulate both interstitial and plasma adenosine concentrations. Cardiovascular cells also have membrane adenosine receptors. Cell and tissue distributions, signal transduc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of cardiology 1997-06, Vol.79 (12), p.2-10
Main Authors: Shryock, John C, Belardinelli, Luiz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine - metabolism
Adenosine - pharmacology
Animals
Biochemistry
Biological and medical sciences
Cardiomyocytes
Cardiovascular Agents - pharmacology
Cellular biology
Circulatory system
Endothelium
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Heart
Heart - drug effects
Homocysteine
Humans
Hypoxia
Ischemia
Medical research
Myocardium - metabolism
Proteins
Receptors, Purinergic P1 - metabolism
Vertebrates: cardiovascular system
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Summary:Cardiomyocytes and vascular cells readily form, transport, and metabolize the endogenous adenine nucleoside adenosine and act to regulate both interstitial and plasma adenosine concentrations. Cardiovascular cells also have membrane adenosine receptors. Cell and tissue distributions, signal transduction pathways, and pharmacology of each of the four subtypes of adenosine receptors are subjects of intense investigation. The A1-adenosine receptors mediate the negative dromotropic, chronotropic, inotropic, and the anti-β-adrenergic actions of adenosine. Activation of A2A- and perhaps A2B-adenosine receptors causes vasodilation. Evidence of novel actions mediated by A2B- and A3-adenosine receptors is accumulating. Adenosine is cardioprotective during episodes of cardiac hypoxia/ischemia; several potential mechanisms may be involved. Pharmacologic tools are currently available for laboratory investigation of the actions of adenosine, and the development of adenosine receptor subtype-selective agonists and antagonists for therapeutic purposes is beginning.
ISSN:0002-9149
1879-1913
DOI:10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00256-7