Steroidal Glycoside Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors

• Published in: Journal of medicinal chemistry 1997-08, Vol.40 (16), p.2547-2554
• Main Authors: DeNinno, Michael P, McCarthy, Peter A, Duplantier, Kimberly C, Eller, Cynthia, Etienne, John B, Zawistoski, Michael P, Bangerter, Faan Wen, Chandler, Charles E, Morehouse, Lee A, Sugarman, Eliot D, Wilkins, Robert W, Woody, Heidi A, Zaccaro, Lawrence M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Absorption - drug effects; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Cholesterol - pharmacokinetics; Cricetinae; Drug Design; General and cellular metabolism. Vitamins; Hypolipidemic Agents - chemistry; Hypolipidemic Agents - pharmacology; Liver - drug effects; Liver - metabolism; Medical sciences; Models, Chemical; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Saponins - chemistry; Saponins - pharmacology; Structure-Activity Relationship
• ISSN: 0022-2623; 1520-4804
• DOI: 10.1021/jm9702600

We have explored the use of steroidal glycosides as cholesterol absorption inhibitors which act through an unknown mechanism. The lead for this program was tigogenin cellobioside (1, tiqueside) which is a weak inhibitor (ED50 = 60 mg/kg) as measured in an acute hamster cholesterol absorption assay. Modification of the steroid portion of the molecule led to the discovery of 11-ketotigogenin cellobioside (5, pamaqueside) which has an ED50 of 2 mg/kg. Replacement of the cellobiose with other sugars failed to provide more potent analogs. However, large improvements in potency were realized through modification of the hydroxyl groups on the cellobiose. This strategy ultimately led to the 4‘‘,6‘‘-bis[(2-fluorophenyl)carbamoyl]-β-d-cellobiosyl derivative of 11-ketotigogenin (51) with an ED50 of 0.025 mg/kg in the hamster assay, as well as the corresponding hecogenin analog 64 (ED50 = 0.07 mg/kg).