Decreased glucose effectiveness but not insulin resistance in glucose-tolerant offspring of Japanese non—insulin-dependent diabetic patients: A minimal-model analysis

• Published in: Metabolism, clinical and experimental clinical and experimental, 1997-08, Vol.46 (8), p.880-883
• Main Authors: Doi, Kentaro, Taniguchi, Ataru, Nakai, Yoshikatsu, Kawamura, Hitomi, Higaki, Yasuki, Yokoi, Hideki, Tanaka, Hiroaki, Fujitani, Junzo, Suzuki, Masashige, Tokuyama, Kumpei, Sakai, Masahiko, Fukushima, Mitsuo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Japan; Male; Medical sciences; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0026-0495; 1532-8600
• DOI: 10.1016/S0026-0495(97)90073-1

The aim of the study was to estimate insulin sensitivity (SI), insulin secretion, and glucose effectiveness (SG) in 10 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (eight men and two women) with a family history of non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM offspring). Ten glucose-tolerant subjects (eight men and two women) without a family history of NIDDM served as control subjects. All subjects were Japanese. They underwent a modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT): glucose (300 mg/kg body weight) was administered, and insulin (20 mU/kg over 5 minutes) was infused from 20 to 25 minutes after glucose. SI and SG were estimated by Bergman's minimal-model method. No significant difference was observed in body mass index (22.6 ± 1.5 v 21.5 ± 0.6 kg/m 2) and fasting glucose (5.1 ± 0.1 v 5.2 ± 0.1 mol/L) and insulin (40.7 ± 6.3 v 42.6 ± 6.7 pmol/L). SI was not different between the two groups (0.83 ± 0.11 v 0.94 ± 0.15 × 10 −1 · min −1 · pmol/L −1, P > .05). The acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg glucose) estimated by intravenous glucose tolerance testing was significantly lower in the offspring than in the normal controls (2,139 ± 265 v 3,438 ± 318 pmol/L · min, P < .05). The glucose disappearance rate (KG) and SG were significantly diminished in the offspring versus normal controls (KG, 1.50 ± 0.22 v 2.10 ± 0.15min −1, P < .05; SG, 0.016 v 0.003 ± 0.023 ± 0.002 min −1, P < .05). Thus, glucose-tolerant Japanese NIDDM offspring with normal insulin sensitivity are characterized by a reduced AIR glucose and diminished SG. This is the first report that glucose resistance but not insulin resistance already exists in glucose-tolerant Japanese NIDDM offspring.