Consistency between US dietary fat intake and serum total cholesterol concentrations: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANESs) are conducted periodically to assess the health and nutritional status of the US population by means of standardized interviews and physical examinations. Since the early 1970s there have been three national cross-sectional surveys: NHA...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition 1997-10, Vol.66 (4), p.965S-972S
Main Authors: Ernst, ND, Sempos, CT, Briefel, RR, Clark, MB
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Biological and medical sciences
Cholesterol
Cholesterol - blood
Cholesterol, Dietary - administration & dosage
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet
Dietary Fats - administration & dosage
Energy Intake
Ethnic Groups
Fatty Acids - blood
Fatty Acids - classification
Feeding Behavior
Female
Human physiology applied to population studies and life conditions. Human ecophysiology
Humans
Lipoproteins - blood
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Nutrition
Nutrition Surveys
Nutritional survey. Food supply and nutritional requirement
Oils & fats
Polls & surveys
Sex Characteristics
United States
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Summary:The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANESs) are conducted periodically to assess the health and nutritional status of the US population by means of standardized interviews and physical examinations. Since the early 1970s there have been three national cross-sectional surveys: NHANES I, 1971-1974; NHANES II, 1976-1980; and NHANES III, phase 1, 1988-1991. During the 18 y between the midpoint of NHANES I (1972) and the midpoint of phase 1 of NHANES III (1990), the age-adjusted mean percentage of energy from fat declined from 36.4% to 34.1% for adults aged 20-74 y. Trend data are shown for dietary fat and cholesterol as well as for serum cholesterol from NHANES I (1971-1975) to NHANES III (1988-1991) by age, sex, and race-ethnicity. The results document a decline in dietary fat, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, and serum cholesterol. The observed changes reflect those that are predicted by the classic Keys and Hegsted formulas. Changes in reported intake are matched by similar shifts in the food supply for sources of these nutrients. These changes suggest that the Healthy People 2000 goal of reducing the mean serum cholesterol concentration of US adults to < or = 200 mg/dL (5.17 mmol/L) is attainable. The changes in diet are promising, yet we are challenged to achieve greater reductions in the intake of total fat and saturated fatty acids.
ISSN:0002-9165
1938-3207
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/66.4.965S