An Orally Active Selenium-Based Antihypertensive Agent with Restricted CNS Permeability

• Published in: The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 1997-11, Vol.283 (2), p.470-477
• Main Authors: May, S W, Wang, L, Gill-Woznichak, M M, Browner, R F, Ogonowski, A A, Smith, J B, Pollock, S H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents - pharmacokinetics; Antihypertensive Agents - pharmacology; Blood Pressure - drug effects; Brain - metabolism; Male; Mice; Organoselenium Compounds - pharmacokinetics; Organoselenium Compounds - pharmacology; Permeability; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Structure-Activity Relationship
• ISSN: 0022-3565; 1521-0103

We report here the first orally active, selenium-based antihypertensive agent, and we demonstrate its restricted CNS permeability using inductively coupled plasma/mass spectroscopy (ICP/MS) and operant behavioral analysis. The biochemistry and pharmacology of selenium are subjects of intense current interest. As a consequence of the redox chemistry of the selenium moiety, phenylaminoalkyl selenides possess the remarkable characteristic of propagating a cycle of turnover-dependent local depletion of reduced ascorbate when processed by the key enzyme of catecholamine metabolism, dopamine-β-monooxygenase. ICP/MS analysis was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters for selenide compounds after i.v. administration to anesthetized rats. Analysis of the data using a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model established very rapid initial clearance and a short beta -elimination half-life from blood. We developed an oxidative procedure for digestion and processing of tissue samples in order to obtain ICP/MS data on the tissue distributions of Se-containing metabolites after the administration of selenide compounds. The results establish that aromatic ring hydroxylation of the selenides results in a marked reduction in brain levels of Se-containing metabolites. The comparative effects of selenide compounds on locomotor activity and operant behavior were then investigated, and the results fully corroborate the ICP/MS analytical results. The novel compound, 4-hydroxy-α-methyl-phenyl-2-aminoethyl selenide, exhibits both restricted CNS permeability and oral antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. This compound is the first orally active selenium-based antihypertensive agent ever reported, and it possesses properties that are highly desirable in pharmacological agents being developed for treatment of chronic diseases such as hypertension.