Host immunobiology and vaccine development

As the rules of immunoregulation become clearer, the design of vaccines and adjuvants is becoming more scientific. To understand these rules, the interactions between three kinds of cells need to be grasped. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) initiate the immunoglobulin cascade. The most important of t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Lancet (British edition) 1997-11, Vol.350 (9087), p.1316-1319
Main Author: Nossal, Gustav JV
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibody Formation
Biological and medical sciences
Bone marrow
Cellular biology
Epidemiology. Vaccinations
General aspects
Humans
Immunity (Disease)
Immunity, Cellular
Infectious diseases
Lymphatic system
Lymphocytes
Medical sciences
Particulate matter
Peptides
Tropical medicine
Vaccines
Vaccines - immunology
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Summary:As the rules of immunoregulation become clearer, the design of vaccines and adjuvants is becoming more scientific. To understand these rules, the interactions between three kinds of cells need to be grasped. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) initiate the immunoglobulin cascade. The most important of these are dendritic cells, which must first capture antigen, a process aided by particulate matter, the presence of natural or acquired antibodies, or the capacity to activate complement. Then T cells become activated through conjoint action of processed antigenic peptides and APC surface and secreted molecules. T cells mediate inflammation, develop cytotoxic capacity, and help in antibody formation. Whether cells of type 1 or type 2 predominate influences the direction of both cellular and humoral responses. B cells are then activated, leading to antibody formation and often to better antigen presentation. Both T and B cell memory, embedded in long-lived lymphocyte populations, aid heightened immune reactivity when the antigen is re-encountered. The best vaccines stimulate strong memory.
ISSN:0140-6736
1474-547X
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)03257-1