Trends in the geographic inequality of cardiovascular disease mortality in the United States, 1962–1982

• Published in: Social science & medicine (1982) 1990, Vol.30 (3), p.261-266
• Main Authors: Wing, Steve, Casper, Michele, Davis, Wayne, Hayes, Carl, Riggan, Wilson, Tyroler, H.A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 1962-1982; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological and medical sciences; Black or African American; Black People; Cardiology. Vascular system; Cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular disease cerebrovascular disease ischemic heart disease mortality; Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality; Cause of Death; cerebrovascular disease; Cerebrovascular Disorders - mortality; Death & dying; Geographic aspects; Geography; Heart; Heart diseases; Humans; Inequalities; ischemic heart disease; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Mortality; Regression Analysis; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; United States - epidemiology; USA; White People
• ISSN: 0277-9536; 1873-5347
• DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(90)90181-Q

Substantial geographic variation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality within the U.S. has been recognized for decades. Analyses reported here address the question of whether relative geographic inequality has increased or decreased during the period of rapidly declining CVD mortality 1962–1982. Trends in geographic inequality, as measured by the weighted coefficient of variation of State Economic Area rates, are analyzed for whites and blacks by sex for 10-year age groups 35–44 to 85 and over. The average annual percent change in the coefficient of variation for each demographic group is presented for all cause mortality, all CVD, stroke and ischemic heart disease. In general, geographic inequalities declined in total mortality for all except the youngest age group. This is consistent with reports of a strong convergence of age-adjusted cancer mortality in U.S. counties. By contrast, increasing geographic inequality dominates in the CVD categories, especially for whites in heart disease and stroke. At younger ages, increases in the coefficient of variation for all race-sex groups exceeded 1% per year in stroke and 2% per year in heart disease. These results suggest that factors influencing the percent decline of CVD mortality are not reaching communities of the U.S. equally. Since increases in relative inequality are strongest in the younger age groups, the pattern of inequality may be accentuated as these cohorts move into ages of higher mortality.