FACT, a Factor that Facilitates Transcript Elongation through Nucleosomes

The requirements for transcriptional activation by RNA polymerase II were examined using chromatin templates assembled in vitro and a transcription system composed of the human general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. Activator-induced, energy-dependent chromatin remodeling promoted effi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell 1998-01, Vol.92 (1), p.105-116
Main Authors: Orphanides, George, LeRoy, Gary, Chang, Chun-Hsiang, Luse, Donal S, Reinberg, Danny
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism
Binding Sites - physiology
Cell-Free System - chemistry
Cell-Free System - metabolism
Chromatin - chemistry
Chromatin - genetics
Chromatin - metabolism
DNA-Binding Proteins
HeLa Cells
High Mobility Group Proteins - metabolism
Humans
Hydrolysis
Middle Aged
Nuclear Proteins - metabolism
Nucleoplasmins
Nucleosomes - chemistry
Nucleosomes - genetics
Nucleosomes - metabolism
Phosphoproteins - metabolism
RNA - metabolism
RNA Polymerase II - metabolism
Transcription Factors - analysis
Transcription Factors - genetics
Transcription Factors - physiology
Transcription, Genetic - genetics
Transcription, Genetic - physiology
Transcriptional Elongation Factors
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Summary:The requirements for transcriptional activation by RNA polymerase II were examined using chromatin templates assembled in vitro and a transcription system composed of the human general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. Activator-induced, energy-dependent chromatin remodeling promoted efficient preinitiation complex formation and transcription initiation, but was not sufficient for productive transcription. Polymerases that initiated transcription on remodeled chromatin templates encountered a block to transcription proximal to the promoter. Entry into productive transcription required an accessory factor present in HeLa cell nuclear extract, FACT ( fa cilitates c hromatin t ranscription), which we have purified. FACT acts subsequent to transcription initiation to release RNA polymerase II from a nucleosome-induced block to productive transcription. The biochemical properties and polypeptide composition of FACT suggest that it is a novel protein factor that facilitates transcript elongation through nucleosomes.
ISSN:0092-8674
1097-4172
DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80903-4