Clinical Evaluation of Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen-Alpha1 - Antichymotrypsin Complex Values in Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Cooperative Study

• Published in: International journal of urology 1998-01, Vol.5 (1), p.48-54
• Main Authors: Kuriyama, Manabu, Ueno, Kazuya, Uno, Hiromi, Kawada, Yukimichi, Akimoto, Susumu, Noda, Masatoshi, Nasu, Yasutomo, Tsushima, Tomoyasu, Ohmori, Hiroyuki, Sakai, Hideki, Saito, Yasushi, Meguro, Norio, Usami, Michiyuki, Kotake, Toshihiko, Suzuki, Yuji, Arai, Yoichi, Shimazaki, Jun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin - analysis; diagnosis; Disease Progression; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; prostate cancer; Prostate-Specific Antigen - analysis; Prostatic Hyperplasia - metabolism; Prostatic Neoplasms - chemistry; Prostatic Neoplasms - diagnosis; Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology; PSA; PSA-ACT; Reference Values; screening; Sensitivity and Specificity
• ISSN: 0919-8172; 1442-2042
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.1998.tb00234.x

Background We studied the clinical significance of serum prostate‐specific antigen bound to α1‐antichymotrypsin (PSA‐ACT) values determined with a newly developed enzyme immunoassay. Methods Serum PSA‐ACT values were determined in a total of 652 sera. Clinical utility for the diagnosis of prostate cancer was compared to that of Tandem‐R PSA and y‐seminoprotein (μgm‐ Sm). The new enzyme immunoassay is based on the use of the Stanford reference as an international standard for PSA assays. Results Serum PSA‐ACT values ranged from less than 0.10 to 1.4ng/mL in healthy males (n = 100) while values in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 1 55) averaged 3.4 ± 3.8ng/mL (mean ± SD). In patients with prostate cancer, serum PSA‐ACT values increased significantly with progression of the clinical stage and there were statistically significant differences between benign prostatic hyperplasia and each stage of prostate cancer except for stage A. Using BPH levels as controls (4.8ng/mL for PSA‐ACT, 7.2ng/mL for PSA, 3.8ng/mL for y‐Sm, and 2.4ng/mL for thecomplexed/free PSA ratio of PSA‐ACT/μtgM‐Sm), specificity was 80%. The sensitivity of prostate cancer detection was 79% for PSA‐ACT, 77% for PSA, 57% for γ‐Sm, and 46% for the ratio between PSA‐ACT/γ‐Sm. Conclusion Although the determination of serum PSA‐ACT showed essentially the same utility as that of PSA for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, PSA‐ACT may allow prediction of the clinical stage. The PSA‐ACT assay may therefore replace PSA in the detection of prostate cancer.